Tag Archives: building vocabulary/conceptual knowledge

Cultural Literacy: Indulgence

When I taught or co-taught global studies, it was a topic that the curricula, unlike the often superficial passes through other important historical processes, focused on at relatively inordinate length, so this Cultural Literacy on the concept of an indulgence, at three sentences and three questions on a half-page document, was insufficient.

Still, it opens the door to discuss this weird medieval financial instrument–swapping earthly gains (often obtained through exploitative and violent means) for heavenly salvation. As the reading observes, indulgences were one of the things that infuriated Martin Luther and therefore began The Reformation. They also demonstrate, should anyone care to take a discussion in this direction, the apparently bottomless human capacity for self-delusion, corruption, and folly.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Dichotomy

“Dichotomy (noun): A division or counterposing into two groups or positions, usually contradictory or mutually exclusive; a specified, vis–a-vis contrast. Adjective: dichotomous; adverb: dichotomously; noun: dichotomousness, dichotomist; verb; dichotomize.

‘I submit to you staffers that the solution establishes itself before our very eyes: namely, that an absolute—in any particular field—must be presented as a dichotomy! Yes, if one mother company, such as our Vanity, could confront the public with with a pure dichotomy, in any particular product, it would gain virtual monopoly there. Yes, and we will present such a dichotomy.’ Terry Southern, The Magic Christian”

Excerpted from: Grambs, David. The Random House Dictionary for Writers and Readers. New York: Random House, 1990.

The Weekly Text, 12 June 2026: Introduction to Writing Sentences, Lesson 1, The Parts of Speech and The Parts of a Sentence; Understanding the Subject and the Predicate

Alright, it’s time to roll up my sleeves and start preparing this long run of posts to publish as the entire Introduction to Writing Sentences unit.

So here is the first lesson plan on understanding the parts of speech as well as the elements of a sentence, that is the subject and the predicate. This lesson takes students through the process, first as a structured activity using mentor texts, then independent work, writing grammatically complete sentences with a recognition of their subjects and predicates.

Accordingly, I hope, this Cultural Literacy worksheet on the parts of a sentence opens this lesson. This scaffolded worksheet is the primary work for this lesson, and guides students through the work, both supported and independent, of understanding the parts of sentence by actually working with them. This learning support attends the worksheet. More generally, here are a glossary on the parts of speech, which is adapted from William Strunk and E.B. White’s The Elements of Style (New York: Longman, 2000), that chestnut of composition classes everywhere at one time. Finally, here is a learning support on the verb to be, conjugated. The verb to be, known as a copula, is everywhere in the English language. It is vital that our students know how to conjugate this extremely common verb in English.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Common Errors in English Usage: Majority

Once again, in an adaptation from Paul Brians’ book Common Errors in English Usage (to which he generously offers free access at his Washington State University web page), here is a worksheet on the use of the noun majority. This noun, one of a few of its type I imagine, governs both the use of the singular and plural verb. And that is what Professor Brians seeks to clarify in this passage.

Students are called upon to evaluate five teacher-authored sentences, then compose fives sentences of their own with majority used properly.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Cultural Literacy: Hedonism

As I prepared to publish this Cultural Literacy worksheet on hedonism, I found myself thinking that most high school students, most adolescents, do understand that the pursuit of pleasure and happiness is, if not the highest good in life, is close enough. I certainly did as a teenager. This short reading does a nice job connecting the concept of hedonism to the Epicureans.

In any case, this is a half-page worksheet with a two-sentence reading and three comprehension questions.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

The Weekly Text, 5 June 2026: Introduction to Writing Sentences, Planning Materials

If I had my druthers, I would teach five sections of rhetoric and composition every day until I retired. Readers of this blog, I am confident, understand that good writing instruction particularly interests me. Unfortunately, in 19 years of teaching, while I have seen plenty of writing assigned, I have never seen it explicitly taught. This has been, frankly, a source of a lot of bitter frustration for me. I do what I can, but it usually isn’t long before a functionally illiterate administrator shuts me down. The credo in the New York City Department of Education seems to be that if students haven’t learned diction, grammar, usage, and style by high school, they never will. How that squares with the amount of writing we nonetheless assign–which is often quite a bit–I have yet to determine.

Unfortunately, I am a special education teacher who must (as I have, again, frankly, needed to learn the hard way over and over) go along to get along. In my experience in the schools in which I have served, no one is particularly interested in anything I might have to say about teaching and learning.

Which doesn’t mean I can’t work at things anyway–that was really what drove the inception of this blog.

During the 2024-2025 school year, when I had a spare moment, I worked on a unit, Introduction to Writing Sentences, that I started during the pandemic. Now that unit is complete; the next 18 Weekly Texts will bring the whole thing to you.

If you’re a regular user of this blog, nota bene, please that some of these materials are parts of other units that I have very likely previously published. What I can tell you, I’d like to think, is that I improved many of the lessons per se, then thought long and hard, then worked long and hard, to get them into some kind of sequence. The material in this unit is more heavily supported, and includes some new learning supports.

This week’s Text, then, is everything out of the planning materials folder for this unit. Without further ado, then, here is the unit plan, the lesson plan template, and the worksheet template. This bibliography of writer’s manuals is probably something students, particularly college-bound students, ought to have. Likewise this lexicon of basic grammatical terms excerpted from from a classic, William Strunk and E.B. White’s The Elements of Style (New York: Longman, 2000).

This learning support on using colons and semicolons is a general handout, like the lexicon above, to support students throughout this unit. So is this learning support on dependent and independent clauses. I’m not sure why it was in the planning materials folder for this unit, but here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on the parts of speech (three sentences of text, which may require a bit of editing or adaptation for struggling readers, and three comprehension questions) that I assume I planned to use downstream on this unit.

Finally, if you need it, here is a lesson checklist that I use for a variety of purposes, including quality control and improvement over this body of work.

And that, esteemed reader, is the contents of the planning materials folder for  the Introduction to Writing Sentences Unit. Now, for the next 17 weeks, Mark’s Text Terminal will offer all 17 lessons for your use.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Cultural Literacy: Tiananmen Square

Finally, for Asian Pacific American Heritage Month 2026, here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on Tiananmen Square. This is a half-page worksheet with a one-sentence reading and one comprehension question.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Cultural Literacy: Tahiti

Here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on Tahiti. This is a half-page worksheet with a reading of two sentences, the second of them a bit long, but not so long that students–even emerging and struggling readers–can’t make sense of it.

Even in two sentences, the reading mentions Tahiti’s allure to Paul Gauguin and Robert Louis Stevenson, summoning both of them to the Island to create art extolling the its beauty.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

The Weekly Text, 29 May 2026, Asian Pacific American Heritage Month Week V: A Reading and Comprehension Worksheet on Mao Zedong

This week’s Text, for the final Friday of Asian Pacific American Heritage Month 2026, is this reading on Mao Zedong with its accompanying vocabulary-building and comprehension worksheet. Mao was and is a world-historical figure, so I must assume he remains part of a Global Studies curriculum in some states.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Cultural Literacy: Sukarno

In August of 2021, while I was looking for an apartment in New York after three disastrous years in New England, I read Vincent Bevins’ excellent book, The Jakarta Method (New York: Public Affairs, 2020). The book chronicles the United States’ policy, executed by way of the Central Intelligence Agency, of abetting anti-communist mass killings during the Cold War. Jakarta, of course, is the capital of Indonesia.

You’ve probably already guessed that Jakarta, and Indonesia, were in fact the site of mass killings; some 500,000 people lost their lives in anti-communist violence aroused by Suharto in 1965. Until Suharto deposed him, Sukarno lead Indonesia. He was an internationalist, and anti-imperialist, and as such one of the progenitors of the Non-Aligned Movement. This was a group of nations that rejected Cold War bipolarity and refused, as the name of their movement implies, to align themselves with the Cold War superpowers, i.e. the Soviet Union and the United States.

So, finally, here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on Sukarno. This is a half-page worksheet with a reading of one sentence and one comprehension question. I think this is woefully inadequate, which is why you have been compelled (or impelled, depending on how interesting you find all of this) to slog through those first two paragraphs.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.