“Acroterion: The ornamental finial placed on the angles of a pediment in classical architecture or on a stele. Also refers to the angle of a pediment.”
Excerpted from: Diamond, David G. The Bulfinch Pocket Dictionary of Art Terms. Boston: Little Brown, 1992.
“Dissertation (noun): A formal and extensive treatment of a subject, such as an academic thesis; treatise; earnest presentation of one’s opinion; discourse; explanation. Adjective: dissertational, dissertative; noun: dissertator; verb: dissert.
‘As the local landlady Signora Maura shows the young couple about the house they have just rented from her, she distracts their attention from the walls with a long dissertation on the gas meter.’ Gore Vidal, Matters of Fact and Fiction”
Excerpted from: Grambs, David. The Random House Dictionary for Writers and Readers. New York: Random House, 1990.
“Felix Adler: (1851-1933) German-born American educator and leader in social welfare. Adler came to America as a youth, graduated from Columbia (1870), and pursued further studies in Germany. He founded the New York Society of Ethical Culture in 1876, from which a worldwide movement later developed. The society emphasized the need for a stronger morality (apart from any single theological dogma) in all personal, professional, and political relationships and placed great importance on the moral education of children. Adler established the first free kindergarten for New York City’s poor, which later grew into the first vocational school that combined manual training and ethical instruction in its curriculum. In 1884 Adler helped to establish the first Tenement House Commission; he arranged for trained nurses to visit the poor, lobbied for parks and playgrounds in depressed urban areas, and served for a time as chairman of the National Child Labor Committee. Adler advanced his view in such books as The Moral Instruction of Children (1892), An Ethical Philosophy of Life (1918), and The Reconstruction of the Spiritual Ideal (1923).”
Excerpted from: Murphy, Bruce, ed. Benet’s Reader’s Encyclopedia, Fourth Edition. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.
“remedial programs: Programs designed to address specific weaknesses for individuals who are not achieving up to grade-level expectations. Remedial programs take place outside the regular or general classroom and are typically tailored to individual needs. Remedial programs can also take place in clinics or private tutoring centers.
Remedial programs in public schools (such as resource room instruction) that are indicated on an individualized education program are free. Remediation of skills through intensive instruction and practice occurs in remedial programs.”
Excerpted from: Turkington, Carol, and Joseph R. Harris, PhD. The Encyclopedia of Learning Disabilities. New York: Facts on File, 2006.
“bathos: [M17th] This is a Greek word and was first recorded in English in the literal Greek sense ‘depth.’ The literary sense was introduced by Alexander Pope in the early 18th century. He published the Bathos in Miscellanies (third volume) in 1728, which was a lively satire giving descriptions of bad authors. Bathysphere [1930] for a spherical chamber that can be lowered into the depths of the sea, comes from the same source.”
Excerpted from: Creswell, Julia. Oxford Dictionary of Word Origins. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.
“Disparagement (noun): The expression of low opinion; regarding or portraying unfavorably so as to lower in esteem; discredit or belittlement of one’s dignity. Adjective: disparaging; adverb: disparagingly; verb: disparage.
‘Some years ago Edna Ferber worte a book about a very tiny group of very rich Texans. Her description was accurate, so far as my knowledge extends, but her emphasis was one of disparagement.’ John Steinbeck, Travels with Charly”
Excerpted from: Grambs, David. The Random House Dictionary for Writers and Readers. New York: Random House, 1990.
“Alfred Adler: (1870-1937) Austrian psychiatrist and psychologist. A disciple of Sigmund Freud, Adler later rejected Freud’s emphasis on the libido and developed a system of ‘individual psychology.’ Adler maintained that, because of their dependence, all children begin with a sense of inferiority, which they can successfully overcome by developing a sense of their competence and their secure place in the social order. He coined the term ‘inferiority complex’ to describe the neurotic reaction by which one either succumbs to or overcompensates for feelings of inadequacy. His major work on the subject is The Practice and Theory of Individual Psychology (1923). Cooperation Between the Sexes (1978) is a collection of his writings on women, love, marriage, and sexuality.”
Excerpted from: Murphy, Bruce, ed. Benet’s Reader’s Encyclopedia, Fourth Edition. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.
“special education: Programs to identify and meet the education needs of students with emotional, learning, or physical disabilities. Federal law requires that all students with disabilities be provided a free and appropriate education according to the specifications of an Individualized Education Program from infancy until 21 years of age. See also free appropriate public education (FAPE); Individualized Education Plan (IEP); Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).”
Excerpted from: Ravitch, Diane. EdSpeak: A Glossary of Education Terms, Phrases, Buzzwords, and Jargon. Alexandria, VA: ASCD, 2007.
“Albion: An ancient and poetical name for Great Britain. It is thought to have been so called from the white (Lat, albus) cliffs that face Gaul, but possibly from the Celtic ailp, “rock; cliff; mountain.” It was Napoleon who called England Albion Perfide (Perfidious Albion).”
Excerpted from: Murphy, Bruce, ed. Benet’s Reader’s Encyclopedia, Fourth Edition. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.
“Disinformation (noun): False or misleading information or documentation contrived to deceive or subvert, especially deliberate fabrication by an intelligence agency. Verb: disinform.
‘If I say the US is intervening in El Salvador to help a gang of nun-raping cutthroats with no popular support, I may be misinformed, or I may be disinformed.’ Alexander Cockburn, Village Voice”
Excerpted from: Grambs, David. The Random House Dictionary for Writers and Readers. New York: Random House, 1990.
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