Category Archives: Reference

These are materials for teachers and parents, and you’ll find, in this category, teachers copies and answer keys for worksheets, quotes related to domain-specific knowledge in English Language Arts and social studies, and quotes on issues of professional concern. See the Taxonomies page for more about this category.

Write It Right: Distinctly for Distinctively

“Distinctly for Distinctively. ‘The custom is distinctly Oriental.’ Distinctly is plainly; distinctively, in a way to distinguish one thing from others.”

Excerpted from: Bierce, Ambrose. Write it Right: A Little Blacklist of Literary Faults. Mineola, NY: Dover, 2010.

Concepts in Economics: Factors of Production

“Factors of production: Any resource used in the production of goods or services. Factors of production can be broadly classified into three main groups: labor, or human services; capital, or man-made means of production; and land, or natural resources. Each of these broad groups of factors of production can be subdivided in various ways, for example labor with various amounts of human capital, or land with various mineral contents.”

Excerpted from: Black, John, Nigar Hashimzade, and Gareth Miles. Oxford Dictionary of Economics. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.

Editorialize

“Editorialize (verb): To express one’s opinion or point of view; introduce opinion or bias into reporting of facts or information; admix comment with reportage; characterize or label, Noun: editorializer, editorialization.

‘Girls, Shmul editorialized in his little book, live a stone age life in a blown-glass cave.’ Grace Paley, The Little Disturbances of Man”

Excerpted from: Grambs, David. The Random House Dictionary for Writers and Readers. New York: Random House, 1990.

Term of Art: Speech Codes

“speech codes: Regulations adopted on many college campuses that prohibit certain kinds of speech deemed offensive by various groups—for example jokes that make fun of women, blacks, Hispanics, or individuals with disabilities. Advocates of speech codes claim that they are necessary to protect campus civility and to eliminate verbal harassment. Critics claim that they stifle freedom of speech and violate Constitutional protections. In public higher education, speech codes have been largely eliminated by litigation, but many private universities continue to enforce them.”

Excerpted from: Ravitch, Diane. EdSpeak: A Glossary of Education Terms, Phrases, Buzzwords, and Jargon. Alexandria, VA: ASCD, 2007.

The Weekly Text, 23 October 2026: A Pair of Learning Supports on Annotating Text

In my final couple years of co-teaching high school English Language Arts class, I was disappointed that students rarely read entire books (although I had the good fortune to work with two English teachers who did assign entire books), and therefore seldom performed any substantial interpretive work on what they did read–which was and is, I expect, short passages from novels. Students annotate these texts, but don’t really write anything insightful about them. Still, given how little students read these days, they struggled with adding interpretive notes–i.e. annotating–even these short texts.

So I developed this learning support on annotating for analogy, allusion, metaphor and tone, and this one on rhetorical analysis for ethos, pathos, and logos.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

William Carlos Williams

“William Carlos Williams: (1883-1963) U.S. poet. Trained as a pediatrician, Williams spent a lifetime writing poetry and practicing medicine in his hometown of Rutherford, New Jersey. He is noted for making the ordinary appear extraordinary through clear and discrete imagery and powerful evocation of the world of common objects, as in the fresh impressions of the sensuous world expressed in ‘The Red Wheelbarrow,’ from Spring and All (1923). Paterson (1946-58), a five-part long poem, evokes a complex vision of modern American life. His other poetry includes Pictures from Brueghel (1962; Pulitzer Prize). His numerous prose works include essays, a trilogy of novels, short stories, drama, and autobiography.”

Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

Rotten Reviews: Cat Man

[This rotten review refers to the novel Cat Man by Edward Hoagland]

“This lengthy description of the lower depths of existence among men who pick up a living around travelling circuses is frequently disgusting in an eager, repetitious, small-boy way.

The New Yorker 

Excerpted from: Barnard, Andre, and Bill Henderson, eds. Pushcart’s Complete Rotten Reviews and Rejections. Wainscott, NY: Pushcart Press, 1998.   

Word Origins: Bimbo

“bimbo: [E20th] Bimbos in English are young women, but in Italian a bimbo is a baby, and in English bimbo was originally an American slang term for a fellow or chap, especially a foolish one. In 1947 P.G. Wodehouse wrote of ‘Bimbos who went about the place making passes at innocent girls after discarding their wives.’ This meaning is first recorded in 1918, and by the 1920s the modern sense was being used. In the 1980s the word himbo was coined to mean ‘a male bimbo.’ At the same time bimbette was coined for a younger bimbo. Compare BABE.’

Excerpted from: Creswell, Julia. Oxford Dictionary of Word Origins. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.

Editorial

“Editorial (noun): A newspaper of magazine column that voices the opinions of the editors or publisher, usually about an issue of current importance or interest; fervid or long-winded harangue. Adjective: editorial; adverb: editorially

‘He knew he could probably write smarter editorials if he read The Brothers Karamazov and some of the other great works of all time, but there was the trouble: if he sat around reading the great works of all time, how would he ever get his editorials written?’ Richard Yates, A Good School”

Excerpted from: Grambs, David. The Random House Dictionary for Writers and Readers. New York: Random House, 1990.

A Writing Tools Quick List from Roy Peter Clark

OK, here is a learning support in the form of a a Writing Tools Quick List from legendary journalist and journalism teacher, Roy Peter Clark. This material, which is adapted from Mr. Clark’s book Writing Tools: 50 Essential Strategies for Every Writer (New York: Little Brown, 2008), is a simple two-page outline. This is a book that is heavily covered–and generally astutely–in a variety of blogs across the Internet. So if this post is inadequate, simply search the book’s title in your favorite search engine.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.