Category Archives: Reference

These are materials for teachers and parents, and you’ll find, in this category, teachers copies and answer keys for worksheets, quotes related to domain-specific knowledge in English Language Arts and social studies, and quotes on issues of professional concern. See the Taxonomies page for more about this category.

Term of Art: Self-Advocacy

“self-advocacy: An individual’s ability to discuss a personal learning disability and request appropriate accommodations and services. Self-advocacy skills are important to develop in people with learning disabilities so they can take responsibility for their own learning and become empowered in school, work, and life. Individuals with disabilities should be familiar with their learning profile as well as relevant legislation.

Self-advocacy skills should be developed as soon as an individual is old enough to understand the learning process. Parents have a right to include their children who are being considered for special education classification in the multidisciplinary team meeting and in development of the individualized education program. Many high schools encourage students to become self-advocates by discussing their learning style and needs with teachers and by actively making transition plans from high school to the next environment.

Self-advocacy skills become even more important once an individual leaves school and begins a job or college, where there are no special educators or parents to advocate for them.”

Excerpted from: Turkington, Carol, and Joseph R. Harris, PhD. The Encyclopedia of Learning Disabilities. New York: Facts on File, 2006.

Dialogue

“Dialogue (noun): Conversation between two or more people, or the literary representation of direct speech; quoted utterance; a work written entirely in the form of a colloquy, especially in philosophy; and exchange of ideas or opinions. Adjective: dialogic; adverb: dialogically.

‘He was for long thought to write very bad English, and indeed he gave you the impression or writing with the stub of a blunt pencil; his style was labored, an uneasy mixture of the classical and the slangy, and his dialogue as such that could never have issued from the mouth of a human being.’ W. Somerset Maugham, Cakes and Ale

Excerpted from: Grambs, David. The Random House Dictionary for Writers and Readers. New York: Random House, 1990.

The Weekly Text, 3 April 2026: The Writing Revolution Learning Supports III; Transition Words and Phrases Learning Support

This week’s Text is a simple one, to wit this learning support on transition words and phrases. This is, as the header for this post indicates, part of a series of posts on material related to Judith C. Hochman and Natalie Wexler’s The Writing Revolution (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2017) and the methods of writing instruction therein.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Adrienne Rich

“Adrienne (Cecile) Rich: (1929-2012) U.S. poet, scholar, and critic. Born in Baltimore, she was a student at Radcliffe College when her poems were chosen for publication in the Yale Younger Poets series; the resulting volume, A Change of World (1951), reflected her formal mastery. Her subsequent work traces a transformation from well-crafted but imitative poetry to a highly personal and powerful style. Her increasing commitment to the women’s movement and a lesbian/feminist aesthetic came to politicize much of her work. Among her collections are Diving into the Wreck (1973, National Book Award) and The Dream of a Common Language (1978). Her nonfiction Of Woman Born (1976, National Book Award) was widely read.”

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Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

Bella Abzug

“Bella Abzug originally Bella Savitsky: (1920-1998) U.S. lawyer and politician. Born in New York City, she studied law at Columbia University and subsequently took on numerous union, civil-liberties, and civil-right cases, representing several people charged by Senator Joseph McCarthy. She founded and chaired (1961-70) the antiwar Women Strike for Peace and later the National Women’s Political Caucus. In the House of Representatives (1971-77), she was known for her flamboyant style and outspoken support for the Equal Rights Amendment, abortion rights, and child-care legislation and opposition to the Vietnam War.”

­­­­­­­­­Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

A Self-Assessment from Margaret Fuller

“I now know all the people worth knowing in America, and I find no intellect comparable to my own.”

Margaret Fuller

Quoted in Memoirs of Margaret Fuller Ossoli, ed. Ralph Waldo Emerson, William Henry Channing, and James Freeman Clarke.

Excerpted from: Shapiro, Fred, ed. The Yale Book of Quotations. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006.

Amy Beach

“Amy Beach originally Amy Marcy Cheney known as Mrs, H.H.A. Beach: (1867-1944) U.S. composer and pianist. Born in Henniker, New Hampshire, to a distinguished family, she was a precociously brilliant and mostly self-taught musician, and she performed as soloist with major orchestras in the U.S. and Europe. As a composer, she was devoted to German romanticism rather than American themes or sources. Her best-loved works were her songs. Her Gaelic Symphony (1894) was the first symphony written by an American woman. Other works include a piano concerto (1899), the choral pieces The Chambered Nautilus (1907) and Canticle of the Sun (1928), the opera Cabildo (1932), and a piano quintet.”

­­­­­­Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

Radclyffe Hall

“Radclyffe Hall: originally Marguerite Radclyffe-Hall (1880-1943) English writer. Born to a wealthy family and educated at King’s College, London, Hall began here literary career by writing verses, which eventually were collected in five volumes. She won prizes for her novel Adam’s Breed (1926), a plea for animal rights. She was condemned for writing openly and sympathetically about lesbianism in The Well of Loneliness (1928), one of the first lesbian novels in English. It was judged obscene and banned in Britain; the ban was overturned on appeal after Hall’s death. Most of her five other novels express her strong Christian belief.”

­­­­­­­­­Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

Rita Mae Brown

“Rita Mae Brown: (1944-) American novelist, poet, and screenwriter. Brown’s first novel, Rubyfruit Jungle (1873), was a surprise best-seller, establishing her as an important voice of feminism and lesbianism. Rubyfruit Jungle and Brown’s second book, Six of One (1978) are humorous semiautobiographical works, praised for their wit and vitality. Sudden Death (1983), set in the world of women’s professional tennis, was a departure both in its subject matter and sober, plain style. Brown returned to comic novels about relationships with High Hearts (1986) and Bingo (1988), before trying her hand at a mystery novel, Wish You Were Here (1990). Brown rejects the label of ‘lesbian writer,’ preferring to be identified simply as a writer. Her volumes of poetry include Songs to a Handsome Woman (1973).”

Excerpted from: Murphy, Bruce, ed. Benet’s Reader’s Encyclopedia, Fourth Edition. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.

Jane Austen

“Jane Austen: (1775-1827) English novelist, often regarded as the greatest of women novelists. The seventh child of a country parson, Jane Austen passed her days, like many English ladies of the time, almost entirely within her family circle. The only dramatic event of her life was an attachment to a clergyman who died before they could become engaged, but this was an obscure and doubtful episode, producing little outward change in her life. She never married, had no contact with London literary life, and spent all her time, when not writing, on ordinary domestic duties, among her numerous nephews and nieces. Out of the materials of such a narrow world, in fact precisely by sticking scrupulously to that narrow world, she made great literature. Her completed novels, Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park, Emma, Northanger Abbey, and Persuasion, are distinguished by their satirical wit and brilliant comedy, complex and subtle view of human nature, exquisite moral discrimination, and unobtrusive perfection of style. These qualities elevate her small world of struggling clerical families, husband-hunting mothers and daughters, eligible clergymen and landowners, country fools and snobs, into an enduring microcosm of the world.”

Excerpted from: Murphy, Bruce, ed. Benet’s Reader’s Encyclopedia, Fourth Edition. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.