Tag Archives: black history

Lightening, (pp), Lightning (n)

If I were to guess, I would say that the present participle of to lighten, lightening, is not much used in everyday discourse. That said, I heard a report earlier this summer on NPR about how the  Black Lives Matter movement in the United States has inspired a discussion about colorism and skin lightening potions in India, where colorism apparently runs rampant. Also, if you ever teach Julia Alvarez’s superb novel In the Time of the Butterflies, it makes at least one specific reference to relatively well-known fact that the dictator of the Dominican Republic from from 1930 to 1961, Rafael Trujillo, used skin-lightening cream and was, unsurprisingly, a virulent racist who slaughtered thousands of Haitians in the infamous Parsley Massacre. In fact, there is even a Wikipedia page on Colorism in the Caribbean if you are interested.

Such are the wages, I’m afraid, of the valorization and privileging of white skin.

So, this set of five worksheets on the homophones lightening and lightning might be more of an exercise in ensuring students understand what the lightning is as a meteorological and electrical phenomenon and how properly to spell the word. Still, there is room in these worksheets for fooling around with the verb to lighten, used both intransitively and transitively.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Melba Patillo Beals on the Crucible of Her Youth

“But, because we dared to challenge the Southern tradition of segregation, this school became, instead, a furnace that consumed our youth and forged us into reluctant warriors.”

Melba Patillo Beals, on the Desegregation of Little Rock Schools, Warriors Don’t Cry(1994)

Excerpted from: Howe, Randy, ed. The Quotable Teacher. Guilford, CT: The Lyons Press, 2003

The 7 Hausa Cities

“Daura * Zaria * Biram * Kano * Katsina * Rano * Gobir

These are the seven cities of the Hausa people of Central West Africa whose historic territory extends across Nigeria, Niger, and several other modern nations.”

Excerpted from: Rogerson, Barnaby. Rogerson’s Book of Numbers: The Culture of Numbers–from 1,001 Nights to the Seven Wonders of the World. New York: Picador, 2013.

A Lesson Plan on Early Civilizations: Africa to the Middle East

Last Friday, I posted this lesson plan on the earliest civilizations as the Weekly Text and immediately regretted it. Indeed, I chose not to crosspost on the usual platforms because of what I see as, well, not my best work. Over the decade I taught in one high school in New York City, I developed a number of sets of lessons for Global Studies classes, which are a two-year cycle of study that culminate in what was a high-states state test. Each year, as we received news that that the New York State Global Studies Regents Global History and Geography Examination would change (e.g. its named changed a few years ago with the addition of “and Geography,” and along with the test’s content), I worked to rewrite my units to prepare students for the anticipated changes. This is called, of course, “teaching to the test.” If you’ve done it, you know it can be a maddening exercise–especially if you want to keep up with the changes on these tests.

In any case, as I recall this lesson, and the next several I will post, I was trying to move students quickly through the basics of studying global history and geography, and introduce and reinforce basic concepts in historical study and analysis. Furthermore, I believe my class that year was mainly English language learners, so this lesson, and the four that follow it above, were written with them in mind. Incidentally, I wrote the text for this lesson in an attempt to cover a lot of ground in relatively plain, easily comprehensible prose. The worksheet ends with a request for a citation. You might want to put your own name at the bottom of the reading, along with a title, and a made-up press so that students can get some practice writing out citations in MLA style.

So, I open this lesson with this context clues worksheet on the adjective consecutive, which is of course a good word to know when one is studying the sweep of time, and it can be used nicely in front of the plural noun centuries. In the event the lesson goes into a second day (which is likely, since the worksheet is fairly long), here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on the Nile River. Finally, here is the worksheet with a a reading and comprehension questions that is at the center of the lesson.

If you use this lesson, and thought it a productive experience for your students, please be aware that the next four documents posts above this one are lessons that follow this one in a unit.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Draft Riots

Now seems like a perfect time to post this reading on the draft riots in New York City in 1863 and its accompanying vocabulary-building and comprehension worksheet. These events were, among other things, an outbreak of racist violence that included the arson against the Colored Orphan Asylum on Fifth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan–a stunningly shameful attack in an epoch of shameful acts.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Jackie Robinson as Precursor to Colin Kaepernick

“Today as I look back on that opening game of my first world series, I must tell you that it was Mr. [Branch] Rickey’s drama and that I was only a principal actor. As I write this twenty years later, I cannot stand and sing the anthem. I cannot salute the flag; I know that I am a black man in a white world. In 1972, in 1947, at my birth in 1919, I know that I never had it made.”

Jackie Robinson

I Never Had It Made introduction (1972)

Excerpted from: Schapiro, Fred, ed. The Yale Book of Quotations. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006.

The Great Debaters: Lesson 8

Finally, here is the eighth and last lesson plan of “The Great Debaters” unit plan here on Mark’s Text Terminal. This is the assessment; I sought to create a document that measures thinking and memory rather than students’ ability to get the “right answer.” I wanted students to think about the readings, the movie, and, indeed, their own impressions and thinking about the unit’s content. This is my attempt (and I’ll concede happily and readily that it could use improvement, so by all means–and please!–chime in with your comments on this) to create a metacognitive assessment. I want students, again, to think about their thinking, especially in the way they used their prior knowledge of the real-life figures in the film better to understand the film itself.

I open this lesson with this context clues worksheet on the noun cognition; if the lesson goes into a second day–and I planned that it would–here is another on the noun metacognition. I would like students to walk away from this lesson with knowledge of metacognitive assessments, which I think, and research supports, are an important way of helping students to internalize and commit to memory the contents of this or any unit plan.

And, finally, here is the final assessment worksheet itself. I think there are any number of ways to use this. I prefer to conduct this as a group discussion and note-taking exercise during which students can range freely over the material and their reactions to it. Like just about everything else on this blog, this document is in Microsoft Word, so you can alter it to you and your students’ needs and circumstances.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Annie Allen

“Annie Allen: (1949) A book by Gwendolyn Brooks, winner of the Pulitzer Prize in 1950. Its three parts fom a connected sequence about a black girl growing to womanhood. ‘Notes from the Childhood and the Girlhood’ includes eleven poems which provide glimpses of Annie’s birth, her practical and didactic mother, and her response to racism, killing, and death. ‘The Anniad,’ a mock heroic poem in forty-three stanzas, and three ‘Appendix’ poems, reveal Annie’s dreams of a gallant lover who goes off to war, returns home, marries her, leaves her, and returns home to die. The fifteen poems of ‘The Womanhood’ show how Annie looks bravely at a world she would like to reform. By the end, her outlook on life has changed from egoistic romanticism into realistic idealism.”

Excerpted from: Murphy, Bruce, ed. Benet’s Reader’s Encyclopedia, Fourth Edition. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.

The Great Debaters: Lesson 7

Here is the seventh lesson plan (of eight) of “The Great Debaters” unit plan here on Mark’s Text Terminal. This lesson describes and rationalizes the second day of watching the film. Here is another note-taking blank with which students can record their thoughts and recollections while watching the film.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Book of Answers: Ralph Ellison

What is novelist Ralph Ellison’s middle name? Waldo

Excerpted from: Corey, Melinda, and George Ochoa. Literature: The New York Public Library Book of Answers. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1993.