Tag Archives: cultural literacy

Cultural Literacy: Wampum

Here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on wampum. This is a half-page worksheet with a reading of one sentence and one comprehension question.

Which is too bad; I grew up, probably having absorbed it passively through popular culture, thinking wampum was currency, or money. In fact, wampum, usually presented in belts, is a complex cultural article in Eastern woodlands tribes of indigenous peoples in North America.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

The Weekly Text, 28 November 2025, National Native American Heritage Month Week IV: A Reading and Comprehension Worksheet on British Settlement in North America

For the final Text of National Native American Heritage Month 2025, here is a reading on British settlement in North America with its accompanying vocabulary-building and comprehension worksheet. While this text never explicitly mentions the indigenous peoples of North America or the devastation brought upon them by British colonists and their successors, I think that might be a useful point of entry for students.

One simple question: Who is missing here? Or, if you prefer, was anyone displaced or marginalized by the arrival in North American of European colonists? Or, you might follow this up with material on the Pequot War, which answers the two previous questions. Or, consistent with the current administration’s view of historical inquiry, you could say that the British arrived to a mostly empty continent (which, of course, is nonsense), and what few indigenous peoples inhabited this land were quick to abandon their complex and ancient culture to start driving Buicks.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Creek

“Creek: Muskogean-speaking North American Indian people that originally occupied much of the Georgia and Alabama flatlands. There were two major divisions: the Muskogee (or Upper Greeks), and the Hitchiti and Alabama (or Lower Creeks). They cultivated corn, beans, and squash. Each Creek town had a plaza or community square, often with a temple, around which were built the rectangular houses. Religious observances included the Busk (Green Corn) ceremony, an annual first-fruits and new-fire rite. In the 18th century, a Creek Confederacy–including the Natchez, Yuchi, Shawnee, and others–was organized to present a united front against both white and Indian enemies. It proved a failure, however, since at no time did all groups contribute warriors to a common battle. The Creek War against the U.S. (1813-1814) ended with the defeated Creeks ceding 23 million acres and being forcibly removed to Indian Territory (Oklahoma). Today, about 50,000 Creeks live in Oklahoma, many of them fully assimilated into white society.”

Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

Cultural Literacy: Shawnees

Here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on the Shawnees, a midwest tribe whose numbers included the now legendary Tecumseh. This is a half-page worksheet with a reading of two–longish, perhaps in need of editing down to something simpler–sentences with two comprehension questions.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Cultural Literacy: Animism

Here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on animism. This is a half-page worksheet with a two-sentence reading and two comprehension questions. The first of these two sentences, duty obliges me to mention, is quite long and might be best rewritten, especially for emergent and struggling readers.

While this ethic–I hesitate to call it a religion because of its manifest respect for the material, natural world, something Christians, for example, tend to dismiss as paganism–is global in scope, I post it here during National Native American Heritage Month 2025 because the indigenous peoples on this continent, virtually to a one, were animists in some manner or another.

Incidentally, I particularly like the turn of phrase “so-called primitive people” in this document.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Cultural Literacy: Pocahontas

Here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on Pocahontas. This is a half-page worksheet with a reading of three sentences and three comprehension question. Just the basics on this important, but misunderstood, figure in American history.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Sitting Bull

“Sitting Bull: (1834?-1890) Native American chief. Sitting Bull was the leader of the Sioux forces, along with Crazy Horse, during the Sioux War of 1876-1877 and was present at the battle of the Little Big Horn, during which a U.S. contingent under George A. Custer was wiped out. Forced to flee to Canada, he returned to the U.S. in 1881 and was settled on a reservation. He was killed by Indian police.”

Excerpted from: Murphy, Bruce, ed. Benet’s Reader’s Encyclopedia, Fourth Edition. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.

Cultural Literacy: Sacajawea

OK, moving right along on this chilly November morning: Here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on Sacajawea. This is a half-page worksheet with a reading of one long sentence (which could be easily broken into two) and two comprehension questions.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Cultural Literacy: Custer’s Last Stand

Here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on Custer’s Last Stand. This is a full-page worksheet with a reading of four–longish–sentences and four comprehension questions.

I don’t know if you’ve ever read the novel Little Big Man by Thomas Berger, or seen the fine film adaptation starring Dustin Hoffman, but both were obsessions in my high school crowd a couple of centuries ago. I mention them on the chance you might be interested in seeing a dramatic recreation of George Armstrong Custer’s last moments on this earth. The film shows you–vividly. Dare I admit I have always found that scene satisfying?

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Cultural Literacy: Hiawatha

Here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on Hiawatha. Most people, if they’re aware of Hiawatha at all, probably received that awareness by way of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s poem, “The Song of Hiawatha.” I vaguely recall reading “The Song of Hiawatha” in grade school, but Longfellow is more memorable to me as one of the suits in the old card game of “Authors.”

Incidentally, the Wikipedia page for “The Song of Hiawatha” suggests that Longfellow based some of the material in the poem on conversations with an Ojibwe man named George Copway, whose story interested me enough to mention him here.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.