Tag Archives: learning supports

Five Documents to Support Learning in Freshman Biology

For the 2025-2026 school year, my last, thank goodness, I was assigned to co-teach two sections of Freshman Biology. This was the first, and therefore the last, time I was to teach biology. Would you be surprised, given the contents of this blog, that biology is not exactly a strong subject for me?

Therefore, I needed to work closely with the content area teacher, as well as study up to the greatest extent possible on the subjects under review. I did develop material for both student use as well as my own edification so I might, to the greatest extent possible, be of some utility in this classroom. So here, in no particular order of content or potential usefulness, are a learning support on the concept of independent and dependent variables, a glossary of terms related to genetics, a glossary of terms related to human reproduction, a summary of a text on protein synthesis, and a support the viewing of a video on protein synthesis.

This is not the most, uh, coherent or well-supported stuff I’ve developed in twenty years of teaching. But rather than toss it, I’ll add it to the pile on this blog. I have more storage space on this website than I will ever use, so what the hell?

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Three Learning Supports Adapted from the High School Edition of They Say, I Say

As I continue to clean out differentiated material folders, I found three learning supports I whipped up from the high school edition of Gerald Graff and Cathy Birkenstein’s They Say/I Say, The Moves that Matter in Academic Writing (New York: Norton, 2018). Ergo, here are a glossary of expository terms, a list of commonly used transition words, and a list of argumentation templates divided into two parts (for ease of use, and depending on the students using these, you might want to divide them into even smaller parts), argumentation templates I and argumentation templates II.

I hope this material is useful to you, but if you need something like this, I imagine you found different versions of these document that I posted several years ago.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Sample Annotations for The Declaration of Independence

Since we’re on a bit of a theme this morning, here is another document, this one a set of sample annotations for The Declaration of Independence, from the 11th-grade English class I co-taught over the past two years. This requires, I think, no explanation; so, I’ll spare you the bloviating.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

 

Sample Annotations for a Reading of Horatio Alger’s Short Story “Henry Trafton’s Independence”

Moving right along with differentiated material I developed for the 11th-grade English class I co-taught over the past two years, here is a sample annotations for “Henry Trafton’s Independence,” a short story by Horatio Alger. My father, who taught Alger at the University of Wisconsin, taught me, alas, to ridicule Alger’s contrived and even precious rags-to-riches stories. Nonetheless, this story showed up in this English class.

Incidentally, in researching this post, I learned that Horatio Alger, in his role as a Unitarian clergyman in Brewster, Massachusetts was found to have engaged in “the abominable and revolting crime of gross familiarity with boys.” I think, in this post-Catholic-clergy-scandal era, you know what that means. My father had a great deal to say about Richard “Dick” Hunter, the protagonist of Alger’s “Ragged Dick” stories. Dick’s name, my father told me, suggested a great deal about Horatio Alger himself.

I myself am agnostic on all of this.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

 

Three Documents for a Study of Arthur Miller’s The Crucible

I am very quickly headed to retirement. Do you know I’m relieved? As I remove myself and my possessions from my final school, I realized I have some odds and ends in my folder that I developed for classes I co-taught over the past couple of years.

For the past couple of years, in the autumn, the teacher for the Junior English Language Arts class I co-taught started the year with a unit on Arthur Miller’s play on the Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible. So, here are a list of questions to drive discussion of the play as well as to arouse ideas for writing essays; this list of sentence stems similarly aims to get students thinking about the play as well as how to write about it. Finally, since The Crucible is an allegory on the McCarthy Era, here is a list of analytical questions to accompany an article on the Red Scare.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

The Weekly Text, 26 June 2026: Introduction to Writing Sentences, Lesson 3, What Is a Phrase and What Is a Clause?

For 26 June 2026, the Weekly Text from Mark’s Text Terminal is the third lesson plan (of 17, the rest forthcoming) of the Introduction to Writing Sentences Unit, this one to assists students in differentiating between phrases in clauses in their writing, and and developing their understanding in how to use both in prose.

This parsing sentences worksheet, which calls upon students to identify nouns in five longish sentences (the worksheet is a half page) opens the lesson and settles students, presumably, after a class change. This scaffolded worksheet is the mainstay of the lesson. Here is a learning support on phrases and another on clauses that will help students complete the class work for this lesson. And here is the teacher’s copy of the worksheet to reduce your cognitive strain.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

The Weekly Text, 19 June 2026: Introduction to Writing Sentences, Lesson 2, Introduction to Phrases

This week’s Text is the second lesson plan of the Introduction to Writing Sentences Unit . This lesson introduces phrases. This lesson opens with this worksheet on the use of adjectives adverse and averse; this is a full-page worksheet with a three-sentence reading and ten modified cloze exercises. These are a couple of relatively high-frequency words in educated discourse, so this is a vocabulary building in addition to its clear purpose in inculcating the concept of usage. It’s highly supported, but you can easily modify this Microsoft Word document.

This is the worksheet at the center of this lesson, It’s scaffolded, with some proofreading and copyediting exercises at the beginning, then independent practice working with phrases in sentences. This learning support on phrases, adapted from Grant Barrett’s Perfect English Grammar (Berkeley: Zephyros Press, 2016), should ease the process of completing this work. And here, finally, is the teacher’s copy of the worksheet.

Incidentally, I’d like to praise (not that anyone has asked me to do so) Grant Barrett’s book Perfect English Grammar (Berkeley: Zephyros Press, 2016). Over the past 35 years, I have looked at or read cover to cover an enormous number of grammar and style manuals. For the mechanics of writing, simply but effectively stated, I think Mr. Barrett’s book is the best in print at the moment.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

The Weekly Text, 12 June 2026: Introduction to Writing Sentences, Lesson 1, The Parts of Speech and The Parts of a Sentence; Understanding the Subject and the Predicate

Alright, it’s time to roll up my sleeves and start preparing this long run of posts to publish as the entire Introduction to Writing Sentences unit.

So here is the first lesson plan on understanding the parts of speech as well as the elements of a sentence, that is the subject and the predicate. This lesson takes students through the process, first as a structured activity using mentor texts, then independent work, writing grammatically complete sentences with a recognition of their subjects and predicates.

Accordingly, I hope, this Cultural Literacy worksheet on the parts of a sentence opens this lesson. This scaffolded worksheet is the primary work for this lesson, and guides students through the work, both supported and independent, of understanding the parts of sentence by actually working with them. This learning support attends the worksheet. More generally, here are a glossary on the parts of speech, which is adapted from William Strunk and E.B. White’s The Elements of Style (New York: Longman, 2000), that chestnut of composition classes everywhere at one time. Finally, here is a learning support on the verb to be, conjugated. The verb to be, known as a copula, is everywhere in the English language. It is vital that our students know how to conjugate this extremely common verb in English.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

The Weekly Text, 5 June 2026: Introduction to Writing Sentences, Planning Materials

If I had my druthers, I would teach five sections of rhetoric and composition every day until I retired. Readers of this blog, I am confident, understand that good writing instruction particularly interests me. Unfortunately, in 19 years of teaching, while I have seen plenty of writing assigned, I have never seen it explicitly taught. This has been, frankly, a source of a lot of bitter frustration for me. I do what I can, but it usually isn’t long before a functionally illiterate administrator shuts me down. The credo in the New York City Department of Education seems to be that if students haven’t learned diction, grammar, usage, and style by high school, they never will. How that squares with the amount of writing we nonetheless assign–which is often quite a bit–I have yet to determine.

Unfortunately, I am a special education teacher who must (as I have, again, frankly, needed to learn the hard way over and over) go along to get along. In my experience in the schools in which I have served, no one is particularly interested in anything I might have to say about teaching and learning.

Which doesn’t mean I can’t work at things anyway–that was really what drove the inception of this blog.

During the 2024-2025 school year, when I had a spare moment, I worked on a unit, Introduction to Writing Sentences, that I started during the pandemic. Now that unit is complete; the next 18 Weekly Texts will bring the whole thing to you.

If you’re a regular user of this blog, nota bene, please that some of these materials are parts of other units that I have very likely previously published. What I can tell you, I’d like to think, is that I improved many of the lessons per se, then thought long and hard, then worked long and hard, to get them into some kind of sequence. The material in this unit is more heavily supported, and includes some new learning supports.

This week’s Text, then, is everything out of the planning materials folder for this unit. Without further ado, then, here is the unit plan, the lesson plan template, and the worksheet template. This bibliography of writer’s manuals is probably something students, particularly college-bound students, ought to have. Likewise this lexicon of basic grammatical terms excerpted from from a classic, William Strunk and E.B. White’s The Elements of Style (New York: Longman, 2000).

This learning support on using colons and semicolons is a general handout, like the lexicon above, to support students throughout this unit. So is this learning support on dependent and independent clauses. I’m not sure why it was in the planning materials folder for this unit, but here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on the parts of speech (three sentences of text, which may require a bit of editing or adaptation for struggling readers, and three comprehension questions) that I assume I planned to use downstream on this unit.

Finally, if you need it, here is a lesson checklist that I use for a variety of purposes, including quality control and improvement over this body of work.

And that, esteemed reader, is the contents of the planning materials folder for  the Introduction to Writing Sentences Unit. Now, for the next 17 weeks, Mark’s Text Terminal will offer all 17 lessons for your use.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

The Weekly Text, 10 April 2026: The Writing Revolution Learning Supports IV; Punctuation Learning Supports

Alright, let’s move along with another Weekly Text dealing with materials aligned with Judith C. Hochman and Natalie Wexler’s The Writing Revolution (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2017).

Even though there are only two items in this post, I nonetheless include this table of contents in case you are assembling your own table of contents from this series of posts. And without further ado, here are two learning supports.

IV-A*Using Colons and Semicolons Versions 1, 2, and 3 (i.e. three supports in one document)

IV-B*Using Parentheses Versions 1 and 2 (i.e. two supports in one document)

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.