Category Archives: English Language Arts

This category contains domain-specific material–reading and writing expository prose, interpreting literature etc.–designed to meet the Common Core standards in English language arts while at the same time being flexible enough to meet the needs of diverse and idiosyncratic learners.

Cultural Literacy: Subject

Here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on the noun subject as a grammatical term–i.e. the subject of a sentence. This is a half-page worksheet with a reading of three sentences and four comprehension questions.

But, as with most of these documents, there are a couple of caveats here: these are long and busy sentences with several colons and semicolons in play. And the worksheet itself is a bit crowded. I use other materials in my units to teach subjects, so I haven’t used this. If I did, I would probably rewrite the sentences to simplify them, then turn this into a full-page worksheet. Clarifying the meaning of the polysemous word subject, and helping students understand how a subject operates in a sentence, strike me as foundational material in the high school curriculum.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Word Origins: Abstract

“abstract [ME] The Latin source of abstract, meant literally ‘drawn away’ and is from abstrahere, from the elements ab- ‘from’ and trahere ‘draw off.’ The use in art dates from the mid 19th century. Trahere is found in many English words including attract [LME] with ad ‘to’; portrait [M16th], something drawn; protract [M16th] with pro ‘out’; retract [LME] and retreat [LME] both drawing back; and words listed at TRAIN.”

Excerpted from: Creswell, Julia. Oxford Dictionary of Word Origins. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.

The Weekly Text, 5 December 2025: Three Planning Templates for The Writing Revolution

If you are a relatively regular reader of this blog, then you know that I’ve been talking about developing materials to use with Judith C. Hochman and Natalie Wexler’s framework for writing instruction, The Writing Revolution (San Francisco: Jossey Bass, 2017). Last summer (2024) and into this fall (2025), I finally finished developing the templates and other planning documents for units and lesson using The Writing Revolution as their basis.

As I hope this blog shows, I not only spend a lot of time thinking about good writing and how to teach it, but also, I hope, producing some middling quality prose to drive this blog. I have also, over the years (35 of them as a teacher in various capacities) read a plethora of grammar and style manuals for my own edification, but also to help me plan writing instruction.

As far as scripted curricula go, I expect this blog demonstrates abundantly my skepticism towards them and their authors. The Writing Revolution is different for a couple of reasons: it actually calls upon students to understand certain concepts (i.e. subordinating conjunctions to form complex sentences, etc.) in grammar while applying those concepts in the service of composing good prose.

The Writing Revolution also calls upon students to practice, practice, practice writing. Its scope and sequence contains a fair amount of repetition. I know it’s fashionable to call such work “drill and kill,” but it’s also facile and, I would argue, ignorant. There are certain things in this world–say breathing and masturbation–that one need not practice at. But writing? Writers write. And writing well, like playing a musical instrument or perfecting a curve ball, takes practice. Hence my enthusiasm for The Writing Revolution.

For the next five weeks (actually seven, as there will be no Weekly Texts on December 19 or 26th in observance of the holidays), I’ll post all the templates I created based on the framework of The Writing Revolution. 

Let’s begin with three of my own creation, to with, this unit plan template, this lesson plan template, and this worksheet template.

And that is it for this week. Stay tuned, as there is plenty more to come.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Potboiler

“Potboiler: A work written merely to gain a livelihood. The term is at least as old as the 18th c. A classic example of the potboiler that transcends its immediate end is Johnson’s philosophical ‘novel’ or didactic ‘romance’ (qq.v.Rasselas (1759), which was written in the evenings of a week to defray the expenses of his mother’s funeral and to pay her debts. See KITSCH

Excerpted from: Cuddon, J.A. The Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. New York: Penguin, 1998.

Cultural Literacy: Trail of Tears

OK, for the penultimate post of National Native American Heritage Month 2025, here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on the Trail of Tears. This is a half-page worksheet with a reading of two sentences and two comprehension questions. In other words, a very basic introduction to this great tragedy in the history of the United States.

Incidentally, you might want take a look at the first of the two sentences in the reading: it is long, and might be best rewritten as two sentences. If you do so, you might want to add another question to align with your reading.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

The Weekly Text, 28 November 2025, National Native American Heritage Month Week IV: A Reading and Comprehension Worksheet on British Settlement in North America

For the final Text of National Native American Heritage Month 2025, here is a reading on British settlement in North America with its accompanying vocabulary-building and comprehension worksheet. While this text never explicitly mentions the indigenous peoples of North America or the devastation brought upon them by British colonists and their successors, I think that might be a useful point of entry for students.

One simple question: Who is missing here? Or, if you prefer, was anyone displaced or marginalized by the arrival in North American of European colonists? Or, you might follow this up with material on the Pequot War, which answers the two previous questions. Or, consistent with the current administration’s view of historical inquiry, you could say that the British arrived to a mostly empty continent (which, of course, is nonsense), and what few indigenous peoples inhabited this land were quick to abandon their complex and ancient culture to start driving Buicks.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Creek

“Creek: Muskogean-speaking North American Indian people that originally occupied much of the Georgia and Alabama flatlands. There were two major divisions: the Muskogee (or Upper Greeks), and the Hitchiti and Alabama (or Lower Creeks). They cultivated corn, beans, and squash. Each Creek town had a plaza or community square, often with a temple, around which were built the rectangular houses. Religious observances included the Busk (Green Corn) ceremony, an annual first-fruits and new-fire rite. In the 18th century, a Creek Confederacy–including the Natchez, Yuchi, Shawnee, and others–was organized to present a united front against both white and Indian enemies. It proved a failure, however, since at no time did all groups contribute warriors to a common battle. The Creek War against the U.S. (1813-1814) ended with the defeated Creeks ceding 23 million acres and being forcibly removed to Indian Territory (Oklahoma). Today, about 50,000 Creeks live in Oklahoma, many of them fully assimilated into white society.”

Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

Cultural Literacy: Shawnees

Here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on the Shawnees, a midwest tribe whose numbers included the now legendary Tecumseh. This is a half-page worksheet with a reading of two–longish, perhaps in need of editing down to something simpler–sentences with two comprehension questions.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Cultural Literacy: Animism

Here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on animism. This is a half-page worksheet with a two-sentence reading and two comprehension questions. The first of these two sentences, duty obliges me to mention, is quite long and might be best rewritten, especially for emergent and struggling readers.

While this ethic–I hesitate to call it a religion because of its manifest respect for the material, natural world, something Christians, for example, tend to dismiss as paganism–is global in scope, I post it here during National Native American Heritage Month 2025 because the indigenous peoples on this continent, virtually to a one, were animists in some manner or another.

Incidentally, I particularly like the turn of phrase “so-called primitive people” in this document.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Joseph Brant

“Joseph Brant: (1742-1807) Mohawk Indian chief and Christian missionary. Brant was converted to the Anglican Church while attending a school for Indians in Connecticut. He fought for the British in the French and Indian War (1754-63). He led four of the six Iroquois nations on the British side in the American Revolution, winning several notable battles. After the war Brant was granted land along the Grand River in Ontario, where he ruled peacefully and continued his missionary work.”

Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.