Tag Archives: united states history

The Weekly Text, 18 November 2022, National Native American Heritage Month Week III: A Reading and Comprehension Worksheet on the Pequot War

In the ongoing observation of National Native American Heritage Month 2022 at Mark’s Text Terminal, this week’s Text is this reading on the Pequot War with its accompanying vocabulary-building and comprehension worksheet.

Between the impending holiday, parent-teacher conferences (tonight and tomorrow), and the generally hectic character of life at the moment, I have little editorially to say about these documents. It’s a surprisingly thorough account of this conflict, which in many respects marks the beginning of the genocide of First Nation inhabitants of this continent. The reading doesn’t call it that, but it also does not scruple to tell the full story here–the theft of land from indigenous peoples.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Cultural Literacy: Eskimos

Here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on the Eskimos, some of whom, as this reading observes, prefer to be called Inuits. This is a full-page worksheet with a reading of six sentences–including three long compounds, two of which are separated by semicolons–and seven comprehension questions.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Wovoka

“Wovoka: (1858-1932) Paiute religious leader. In 1899 Wovoka announced that during a trance God had told him that his people’s ancestors would rise from the dead, buffalo would return to the plains, and the white man would vanish if the people would perform a ritual dance, the Ghost Dance. The cult quickly spread to other tribes, notably the militant Sioux, and Wovoka was worshiped as a new messiah. After the Wounded Knee massacre, Wovoka’s following dissipated and the movement died out.”

Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

American Indian Movement

“American Indian Movement (AIM): Civil rights organization founded in 1968, originally to help urban American Indians displaced by government programs. It later broadened its efforts to include demands for economic independence, autonomy over tribal areas, restoration of illegally seized lands, and protection of Indian legal rights and traditional culture. Some of its protest activities were highly publicized (see Wounded Knee). Internal strife and the imprisonment of some leaders led to the disbanding of its national leadership in 1978, though local groups have continued to function.”

Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

The Weekly Text, 11 November 2022, National Native American Heritage Month Week II: A Reading and Comprehension Worksheet on the Homestead Act

This week’s Text, in this blog’s ongoing observance of National Native American Heritage Month 2022, is a reading on the Homestead Act in the United States along with its attendant vocabulary-building and comprehension worksheet. The effect of opening the western frontier to settlement on First Nations requires, I must assume, no explanation.

Have you by any chance seen Reservation Dogs? This superb and highly praised show needs no endorsement from this blog–so you should just go watch it. I’m just saying. If you don’t believe me (as Fred Holbrook used to say to me–and of me, alas–“Get it from the horse’s mouth rather than the other end”), listen to Patrick, of Patrick Is a Navajo, and his friends pay affectionate tribute to the program. Again, I’m just saying.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Cultural Literacy: Black Hills

Here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on the Black Hills. This is a half-page worksheet with a reading of four sentences, a four-sentence reading (three of which are technically fragments) and three comprehension questions. In other words, a rudimentary introduction to a place of complex history.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Red Cloud

“Red Cloud originally Mahpiua Luta: (1822-1909) American Indian leader. Born in present-day Nebraska, Red Cloud, as principal chief of the Oglala Teton Lakota (Sioux), led the opposition of both Sioux and Cheyenne to the U.S. government’s development of the Bozeman Trail to goldfields in Montana Territory (1865-67), Relentlessly attacking workers along the route from Fort Laramie (in modern Wyoming) to Montana, he refused offers to negotiate until the U.S. agreed to halt the project, whereupon he laid down his arms and allowed himself to be settled on the Red Cloud Agency in Nebraska.”

Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

Cultural Literacy: Dawes Act of 1887

Here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on the Dawes Act of 1887, a piece of well-intentioned–at least from some points of view, though not mine–legislation designed, really, to destroy once and for all the communitarian. tribal, lifestyle of indigenous peoples in the rapidly expanding (at the time of the Act’s passage) United States.

This is full-page worksheet with a reading of four sentences and three comprehension questions. So, it’s just the basics. But, like almost everything else on Mark’s Text Terminal, this is a Microsoft Word document you can tailor to your needs. The Dawes Act opens a lot of discursive doors into discussion rooms on imperialism, militant individualism and anti-collectivism, the theoretical and practical limitations of libertarianism, and simple–and simple-minded racism.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Arapaho

“Arapaho: Plains Indian people of Algonquian language stock who lived along the Platte and Arkansas rivers in the 19th century. Like other Plains groups, the Arapaho were nomadic, living in teepees and depending on the buffalo for subsistence. They were highly religious and practiced the sun dance. Their social organization included age-graded military societies as well as men’s shamanistic societies. They traded with the Mandan and Arikara and were often at war with the Shoshone, Ute, and Pawnee. A southern branch was long allied with the Cheyenne and fought with them against Colonel G.A. Custer at Little Bighorn in 1876. Today about 2,000 Arapaho live in Wyoming and another 3,000 Arapaho/Cheyenne in Oklahoma.”

Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

The Weekly Text, 4 November 2022, National Native American Heritage Month Week I: A Reading and Comprehension Worksheet on American Imperialism

This week’s Text, in observance of National Native American Heritage Month, is a reading on American imperialism with its accompanying vocabulary-building and comprehension worksheet. This seems like a pretty good place to begin considering the genocide of the indigenous peoples of the Americas.

This is the first year Mark’s Text Terminal has observed, with posts, National Native American Heritage Month. I can plead extenuation only through ignorance; I really hadn’t been aware that the month existed. For me, that is especially shocking, because Native American History was a surpassing interest of mine in high school. Indeed, my entire crowd took an interest in those days, the mid-to-late 1970s. We kept up with Akwesasne Notes (available in those days at numerous outlets in my hometown of Madison, Wisconsin), owned copies of Seven Arrows by Hyemeyohsts Storm, and kept up with the American Indian Movement’s affairs. We cheered the Wounded Knee occupation retrospectively, since we weren’t a crowd back in those days. Similarly, we supported the Menominee Warrior Society in its seizure of the Alexian Brothers Novitiate in Gresham, Wisconsin, with attendance at their trials (I seem to remember one at held at Juneau, Wisconsin, for some reason).

Personally, I carried a Free Leonard Peltier petition around in my book bag for several months, gathering just over 3,000 signatures before sending it, to no avail, to President Jimmy Carter. I read Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee by Dee Brown twice by my fifteenth birthday–which then and now exercised an enormous effect on my consciousness. So, I have no excuse neither for my ignorance of this holiday, nor the paucity of materials I currently possess related to it.

Henceforth, I seek to remedy this oversight.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.