Tag Archives: learning supports

An Explanation of Mercantilism for Struggling Learners

As I’ve mentioned ad nauseum on this blog, I work at a business-themed high school in Lower Manhattan. Mercantilism, a key concept to any high school social studies curriculum, is especially important in this institution. I’ve posted elsewhere on Mark’s Text Terminal a a lengthy and supported lesson plan on the concept. At the same time, I have always sought to supply students with a thumbnail sketch of this relatively abstract concept, the mastery of which often eludes struggling learners.

The other day, struggling to explain mercantilism, once again, to a freshman global studies class, I came up this summary of mercantilism that calls upon prior knowledge that we can, I think, fairly safely assume all our students possess.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

A St. Patrick’s Day Addendum: A Learning Support on Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns

While revising my pronouns unit in preparation for teaching it this spring, I determined that my current group of English Language Arts students would benefit from this learning support on reflexive and intensive pronouns. At some point in the future, I will no doubt post the entire lesson plan this document means to support. In the meantime, if you have ever been inclined to comment on a Text on Mark’s Text Terminal, this would be the one on which I would very much appreciate your remarks. I’m especially interested to hear whether or not you think I should have included columns for the objective and possessive cases of pronouns. I left them out for a variety of reasons, but it would be easy enough to add them.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

The Weekly Text, December 2, 2016: A Lesson Plan on Code Switching Based on Jamila Lyiscott’s Poem “Broken English”

Several years ago, when I was still subscribing to the Teachers & Writers Collaborative (T & W), I stumbled across the work of a Jamila Lyiscott. She had published her poem Broken English in T & W’s magazine. “Broken English” impressed me as one of the best explanations of code switching that I’d seen–and that I’ve seen since. I understood right away that “Broken English” could and should be used in my classroom.

Because I believe in teaching writing skills, and assisting students in developing their own understanding of cogent expository prose, several years ago I began designing synthetic and experiential lessons and units on the parts of speech, focusing particularly on writing grammatically complete, meaningful sentences. I’ve really only worked in inner-city schools, where my students speak a colorful vernacular informed by the Hip-Hop music they so adore. I knew I had to find a way to justify my pedagogy to them, as well as my belief–influenced to no small extent by the work of Lisa Delpit–that it is important for students to understand how to speak in a variety of registers, including that known quaintly as “the King’s English”, which Ms. Delpit rightly calls a “language of power.”All of this brought me back around to Jamila Lysicott.

So I began work on what has ultimately become this lesson plan on code switching, which is based upon “Broken English.” I’ve been procrastinating posting this as a Weekly Text because the worksheet, at eight pages, strikes me a bit too long for kids with limited literacy and/or attention spans. I thought about breaking it down to something smaller. Ultimately, I’ve decided that I will post this as is with the proviso that this lesson is, practically speaking, probably more like two, three or perhaps even four lessons. Moreover, if you decide to use it as a vocabulary building lesson, I think you could pull more words out of the text and add them to that section of the worksheet. As with all Weekly Texts at Mark’s Text Terminal, these documents are in Microsoft Word, so you may alter them to suit your needs.

So, for this lesson, you will need these four do now worksheets on the words articulate as an adjective (and this might be a suitable opportunity to teach it as a verb as welldictionprose and verse. This Cultural Literacy worksheet on slang might also be useful as for this lesson. Here is the worksheet for this lesson, and the teachers’ exegesis for “Broken English”. Finally, this typescript of the poem “Broken English” itself might be helpful, especially if you want to break it up for discrete lessons.

And here is a link to a TED Talk in which Jamila Lyiscott reads “Broken English.”

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

The Weekly Text, October 21, 2016: A Learning Support on Clauses and Correlating Conjunctions

Unlike leading software companies, I try not to publish or release material that I haven’t tested repeatedly in the classroom for effectiveness with students. This week’s Text, a learning support on clauses and correlating conjunctions, is an exception to that rule. I’ve only used this once, for a unit I designed on writing stylish sentences for advanced students. As I reformatted it yesterday, and generally tried to clean it up, it occurred to me that it might be rewritten into two different supports for struggling students.

Of course, there are probably a number of ways to make it more effective. For that reason, there is a distinct possibility that I will revise it and repost it sometime in the future.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

One Problem with Homework, and a Solution

I’ve been working my way slowly through Ross Greene’s  books, If you teach struggling learners, I encourage you to take a look at his work. At the moment I’m reading The Explosive Child (New York: HarperCollins, 1998), in which Dr. Greene has this to say about homework (I prefer to use the term “independent practice”) and the inflexible child:

“Many parents, teachers, and school administrators believe that homework is an essential component of a child’s education. Which is fine, except that many inflexible-explosive children find homework to be incredibly frustrating because they don’t have any brain energy left after a long day at school, their medication has worn off, they have learning problems that make completing homework an agonizing task, or because homework–especially long-term assignments–requires a lot of organization and planning. Thus, it’s no accident that these children often exhibit some of their most extreme inflexibility and explosiveness when they are trying to do homework.

Do these difficulties render some children incapable of completing the same homework assignments as their classmates? Yes. Is it always possible to address these difficulties effectively? No. Does having a child melt down routinely over homework help him feel more successful about doing homework? No. Are these difficulties a good reason to alter or adjust homework assignments? Yes. I’ve yet to be convinced that the best way to instill a good work ethic in a child–or to help his parents become actively or productively involved in his education–is by inducing and enduring five hours of meltdowns every school night. The best way to instill a good work ethic is to assign homework that is both sufficiently challenging and doable in terms of quantity and content. Achieving this goal, of course, takes a little extra effort by the adults who are overseeing the assigning and completing of homework.”

A Midweek, Late August Text: A Glossary of Key Vocabulary for English Language Arts

It’s another cool, beautiful morning here in my borough; the morning light appears autumnal. Here is a glossary of key vocabulary for English Language Arts. I hope it is useful to your practice.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

The Weekly Text, August 19, 2016: An Introductory Lesson on Nouns

Over the years, I have become convinced of the utility of teaching the parts of speech in order to build literacy in general, and in particular to assist students in developing their own understanding of how to write grammatically complete, syntactically meaningful, and stylish sentences. To that end, I have developed units for each of the parts of speech, and these constitute an almost-year-long cycle of English Language Arts instruction.

So, this weeks text is the first lesson of the first unit of this cycle, on nouns. This lesson calls upon students to use this teacher-authored reading passage to identify all the nouns in it; as you will see, this is a three-part scaffold that asks students to read, then apply their understanding of nouns, first in modified cloze exercises, then in writing sentences from subject to period. The lesson opens with this Cultural Literacy do-now exercise on syntax. You might also find useful this singular and plural nouns formation review

You’ll notice that the plan for this lesson doesn’t list the standards met. Because of the way I manage my work flow, I list all the standards on the overarching unit plan. (That way if I must print a lesson plan to appease a bureaucrat, I don’t burn too much ink.) For that reason, I have posted typescript copies of the Common Core Standards I use in my practice  in the About Weekly Texts page that is above the banner photo on the home page for this site. They are in the penultimate paragraph there.

22 September 2016, Post Scriptum: I have just updated the singular and plural nouns formation review worksheet linked to above.

15 July 2022, Post Scriptum: I have revised the work for this lesson. The reading and worksheet now contains a reading from The Fight (Boston, MacMillan, 1975), Norman Mailer’s account of the legendary “Rumble in the Jungle” in 1974; it follows then that the teacher’s copy of the worksheet received an update as well.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

The Weekly Text, August 5, 2016: A Learning Support on Using Semicolons

Most teachers, I imagine, already see and are starting to plan for the beginning of the school year, a month or less away for most of us. I’ve just returned from a week on the North Shore and Cape Ann; I too see the end of the summer break on the horizon, and I’m starting to work towards it. In the next couple of weeks I’ll post a couple of comprehensive lesson plans I’m working on that are both peculiar to my present posting and useful (I hope!) to social studies teachers everywhere.

For this week’s Text, however, I offer a learning support on using semicolons in declarative sentences. I hope you find it useful.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

The Weekly Text, June 10, 2016: Two Worksheet Templates for Working with Similes and Metaphors

Teaching figurative language, particularly when you want to give students direct experience in dealing with it, can be a tricky business. For several years, I had these two worksheet templates for working with metaphors and similes rattling around in my current work folder before I actually did something with them–to wit, making up some worksheets to attend a unit on Stephen King’s novella “The Body,” which is part of the Different Seasons collection (and which was made into the fine film “Stand By Me”).

The structure of these makes them pretty easy to use. For the metaphor-o-matic worksheet, I use, for the first section, which calls upon students to interpret metaphors, some metaphorical language or symbols from whatever we’re reading in class. Then, to offer students some direct experience with writing metaphors in the second section of the worksheet, I might ask them to create a metaphor for human emotions, weather, and the like. For example, you might ask students to think of and write down a weather metaphor that suggests confusion; the obvious answer would be fog. Similarly, you might ask for a metaphor that indicates anger, and students might say the color red, a storm, the Tasmanian Devil from “Looney Toons” or something along those lines.

In general, as similes are themselves, the simile-o-matic  worksheet is easier to use. At the top of this template, I’ve provided a number of exemplars of the simile at work. I usually ask students to write several similes of their own in order to give them direct experience working with them. After students have composed their similes, I use the basic writers’ workshop format for discussion of their work.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

The Weekly Text, May 27, 2016: Two Learning Supports on Roman Numerals and Roman Deities

It’s finally Memorial Day Weekend: I don’t know about you, but I’m glad! That extra day makes all the difference in the world at this time of year. When we return on Tuesday, we’ll start counting down the days to the end of the school year.

This week’s Text offers two learning supports on Rome: the first is a learning support for Roman numerals; the second a chart of Roman deities.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.