Tag Archives: foreign languages/linguistics

The Weekly Text, August 21, 2020: A Lesson Plan on the Latin Word Roots Man, Mani, and Manu

This week’s Text is a lesson plan on the Latin word roots man, mani and manu, all three of which mean hand. Even a cursory glance at these three words divulge their productivity in the English language: manicure, manufacture, and manual all come immediately to mind.

I open this lesson with this context clues worksheet on the noun digit in its meaning as “any of the divisions in which the limbs of most vertebrates terminate, which are typically five in number but may be reduced (as in the horse), and which typically have a series of phalanges bearing a nail, claw, or hoof at the tip — compare FINGER 1, TOE.” I wanted this do-now exercise to hint for students what the word roots in this lesson might mean.

And, at last, here is the worksheet that is the primary work of this lesson.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Dulcet (adj)

It’s another Word of the Day from Merriam-Webster that I originally thought I’d let pass; but while I was at the laundromat this morning with my notebook, I figured well, why not? So here is a context clues worksheet on the adjective dulcetIt carries a trio a meanings which are loosely related by connotation: 1. sweet to the taste; 2. pleasing to the ear <~ tones>; 3. generally pleasing or agreeable.

The word arrives in English from the Latin dulcis, which isn’t particularly productive in English. But it does show up in Spanish, and if you teach students whose first language is Spanish they will recognize this word fairly quickly–one of the meanings of dulce in Spanish is candy, and a dulceria is a candy store. Teaching Latin roots to students whose first tongue is one of the Romance Languages offers students a bridge between their native languages and English.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Word Root Exercise: Carn, Carni

Here is a worksheet on the Latin word roots carn and carni. They mean flesh and meat, which you already knew if you’ve ever eaten chili con carne, carnitas tacos, taught or were taught a biology lesson about carnivores, explained to students that reincarnation is a belief common to both Hinduism and Buddhism, or thought about the consequences of war as carnage.

Just sayin’.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Subterfuge (n)

This context clues worksheet on the strong abstract noun subterfuge. It’s Merriam-Webster’s Word of the Day today, but as I want to reiterate, this is a very strong abstract noun and commonly used in educated discourse. It also stems from the Latin word root sub, which is incredibly productive in English.

If you search sub–just sub–on this site (the search bar is in the upper-right-hand corner), you will find all kinds of material to complement this worksheet.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Word Root Exercise: Pro-

Alright, here is a worksheet on the Greek word root pro, which means before, forward, forth, in place of, and in addition to. This root is so productive in English–as this worksheet shows in summary–that I hardly need mention it. Interestingly, in Russia, this root shows up as a preposition meaning “about.”

Editorially speaking, let me just say this: adding pro to other words, such as active, a perfectly serviceable adjective per se, improves neither the root nor the word to which it added. It does, as Paul Fussell once commented, contribute to the average American’s mistaken perception of themselves as smarter for having added a syllable to a word. Proactive does not mean, alas, anymore than active does.

Let’s leave pro to words like prokaryote.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Word Root Exercise: Arbor

Here’s a worksheet on the Latin word root arbor, which as you probably know means tree. This is a relatively productive root in English, though its words tend to be somewhat specialized in the life sciences. Nonetheless, word roots are one way to build vocabulary very quickly if that’s what you need to do.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Common Errors in English Usage: Data and Datum

Here is an English usage worksheet on the nouns, singular and plural respectively, datum and data, along with a context clues worksheet on this noun pair. Why two? Well, as above, somewhere along the line, I started two and shepherded them far enough along to make it worth finishing them. In any case, the English usage worksheet is ten cloze exercises, and the context clues worksheet, also ten sentences, is a bit different than most I write in that it actually supplies the definitions up front and asks students to evaluate sentences to see whether or not datum or data are used properly.

As both worksheets explain, the usage rule on these words is shifting rapidly at the moment. My guess? There are still a few college professors out there that expect students to understand the difference between datum and data in grammar, style, and usage. Moreover, I wouldn’t be surprised to hear that computer science courses require an understanding of proper application of these two words.  If nothing else, these worksheets can be used to help students build and reinforce their understanding of subject/verb agreement. Most of the sentences setups use is and are as verbs, so students can use the number of the verb to determine whether or not datum or data is the right word to use.

Finally, understanding the difference between datum and data, two words of Latin origin, provides a basis for understanding usage of a similarly nettlesome Latin pair, medium and media, and a Greek pair used across the common branch curriculum, and indeed in all fields of knowledge, criterion and criteria.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Zeitgeist

“Zeitgeist: (Ger., spirit of the time) In art terms, refers to certain elements characterizing the mood, thinking, and resulting art production or a period or moment.”

Excerpted from: Diamond, David G. The Bulfinch Pocket Dictionary of Art Terms. Boston: Little Brown, 1992.

Word Root Exercise: Poly

Here is a worksheet the Greek word root poly, which you may already know means many. This is a very productive root in English for vocabulary development across the common branch curriculum, including, in my own domain, polytheism.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Word Root Exercise: Dic, Dict

Here is a worksheet on the Latin roots dic and dict. They mean speech, to speak, and to proclaim (declare officially). This is a very productive root in English–think dictionary and dictation. If you take this worksheet, you’ll quickly perceive, I submit, that these are mostly words that high school graduates really ought to know.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.