Tag Archives: building vocabulary/conceptual knowledge

Common Errors in English Usage: Flounder (vi), Founder (vi/vt)

Here is a worksheet on differentiating between the verbs flounder and founder,  informed by Paul Brians’ book Common Errors in English Usage (which he makes available at no charge on the Washington State University website). This worksheet contains a single-paragraph reading from Professor Brians’ book, with ten modified cloze exercises. However, since it is a Microsoft Word document, you can manipulate it to meet the needs of your classroom.

These are two intransitive verbs (founder has a transitive use, “to disable (an animal) especially by excessive feeding,” of which I was unaware, clearly because this word is seldom used in American English to convey this ghastly meaning) which are frequently confused. Once again, Professor Brians summarizes them elegantly: “If you’re sunk, you’ve foundered. If you’re struggling, you’re floundering.”

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Word Root Exercise: Du, Duo

Here is a worksheet on the Latin roots du and duo. They mean two. These are very productive roots in English (indeed, duo stands on its own, meaning “pair” and “duet”), providing the basis of high-frequency words like dual, duplex, and duplicate–and less high-frequency words like duodenum and duodecimal, which do turn up on things like the SAT.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Tousle (vt)

It’s Merriam-Webster’s Word of the Day today, so here is a context clues worksheet on the verb tousle. It means “dishevel” and “rumple.” It’s only used transitively, so don’t forget your direct object. You, or someone or something else, must tousle something.

This is one of those words that yields a pair of definitional words that students, particularly English language learners, may not know. Since I just wrote this document this morning, I haven’t used it in a classroom (and may never, since this isn’t a high-frequency or essential academic word). But if I did, I would look for students to be able to articulate from context–which is relatively strong in this worksheet–a general sense of “wrinkle,” or “mess up,” or “tangle,” or something along those lines.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Plague (n)

OK, last but not least today, here is a context clues worksheet on the noun plague. It means, in the context in which it is presented on this half-page document, “an epidemic disease causing a high rate of mortality.”

I wrote this, I am sure, to introduce the word to students ahead of a lesson on the European Black Death of the mid-fourteenth century. The context is reasonably strong, but it can always use a little help. So if you rewrite this, I would appreciate seeing your version of it. In fact, I will add it to this post. Incidentally, the bubonic plague, the cause of the Black Death, remains alive and well and occasionally breaks out, as it has intermittently in Madagascar, among other places around the globe.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Cultural Literacy: Get Someone’s Goat

Here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on the phrase “get someone’s goat.” This is a half-page worksheet with a reading of four sentences and three comprehension questions.

As you know, this expression means, as the reading has it, “to make someone annoyed or angry.” The expression originates from a tradition in horse racing involving placing a goat, which was believed to exercise a calming influence over high-strung thoroughbreds, in the stall with a race horse. This explanation for the expression originated, evidently, with H.L. Mencken. However, there is reason to doubt the legitimacy of the origin story for this expression. Wherever it originated, this idiom has a rich history.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Sulfa Drugs and World War II

Here is a reading on sulfa drugs and World War II along with its accompanying vocabulary-building and comprehension worksheet.

While this material probably qualifies as minutia in the grand sweep of the history of World War II, it is in fact an important moment in the war. This reading is an exposition of cause and effect: by mass chemoprophylaxis (the act of administering medication in the hopes of preventing disease spread) with sulfa drugs, the US Navy saved an estimated 1 million man days and between $50 million and $100 million in 1944 dollars. Ultimately, penicillin replaced sulfadiazine, or sulfa drugs. It is just this kind of cause-and-effect scenario, in my observation in New York State, that tends to inform questions on high-stakes social studies tests.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Write It Right: Casket for Coffin

“Casket for Coffin. A needless euphemism affected by undertakers.”

Excerpted from: Bierce, Ambrose. Write it Right: A Little Blacklist of Literary Faults. Mineola, NY: Dover, 2010.

Common Errors in English Usage: First Person

From Paul Brians’ book Common Errors in English Usage (which he generously makes available for free on the Washington State University website), here is a worksheet on using first-person voice in academic prose.

From my first English Composition course at a community college in Vermont to my master’s thesis at the University of Wisconsin, I always accepted as axiomatic that one does not use first-person pronouns in academic expository writing. In fact, while writing medical notes when I worked in a hospital, we were instructed by nursing managers to eschew the first-person pronoun in favor of referring to oneself as “this author,” as in “This author observed the patient…” etc. Moreover, teaching English at the secondary level, I continued to hew to this rule out of habit and deference the loosely held usage rules of the department.

Professor Brians, interestingly, urges writers to use the first person when it is appropriate–by which he apparently means along a fairly broad spectrum of usage in prose. I expect this will occasion some remark. That’s good, because one’s growth as a teacher certainly involves kicking around something like this. In any case, I wrote this worksheet with the idea that using the first-person pronouns is relatively easy, and not using them can be difficult. Accordingly, this work in this document calls upon students to rewrite ten sentences that are in the first person to eliminate that voice.

However, this worksheet is, like most of the downloadable material you will find on Mark’s Text Terminal, formatted in Microsoft Word, so you may do with it as your or your students’ needs require.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Word Root Exercise: Ana

OK, on a cool Monday morning in Salisbury, Massachusetts, here is a worksheet on the Greek root ana-. It means up, back, again, against, and throughout. This is a very productive root in English; it produces such high-frequency words as analogy, analyze, and anatomy.

These are unquestionably words students must know before graduating high school. But so, I would argue, are a couple of others that grow from this root, to wit, anagram and anathema.

.If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Callow (adj)

It’s Merriam-Webster’s Word of the Day today, so here is a context clues worksheet on the adjective callow. It means “lacking adult sophistication” and “immature.” For some reason, this is a word I’ve always liked to use–it seems to me to have an onomatopoeic quality. I think the context is strong, so students will probably infer quickly the meaning of this adjective.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.