Tag Archives: united states history

A List of Questions to Provoke Thought about the Economic and Social Practice of Redlining


 

OK, moving right along this morning. Several years ago, I became quite interested in the history of mortgage lending in the United States, particularly the practice of redlining. I read Richard Rothstein’s excellent book The Color of Lawwhich I highly recommend to you, particularly if you are interested in cities and social justice. The topic of redlining came up in one of the 11th-grade English classes I co-taught, so I worked up this questions to inform thinking on redlining to distribute to students.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

 

Refugee Intellectuals

“Refugee Intellectuals: (1930-1940) During the 1930s, a galaxy of European intellectuals–authors, artists, scholars, scientists–fled European totalitarianism and found refuge, permanent or temporary, in the United States. Their contributions to the nation’s cultural life–and later to its war effort–were incalculable. The hundreds of refugee intellectuals included:

  • George Balanchine, Russian dancer and choreographer, to U.S. 1933
  • Hans Bethe, German physicist, to U.S. 1935.
  • Bertolt Brecht, German playwright and poet, in U.S. 1941-49
  • Marcel Breuer, Hungarian architect, to U.S. 1937
  • Rudolf Carnap, German philosopher, to U.S. 1936
  • Albert Einstein, German physicist, to U.S. 1933
  • Erik Erikson, German psychoanalyst, to U.S. 1933
  • Max Ernst, German painter, in U.S. 1939-49
  • Enrico Fermi, Italian physicist, to U.S. 1938
  • Erich Fromm, German psychoanalyst, to U.S. 1934
  • Walter Gropius, German architect, to U.S. 1937
  • George Grosz, German painter, to U.S. 1933
  • Paul Hindemith, German composer, in U.S. 1940-52
  • Hans Hofmann, German painter, to U.S. 1930
  • Karen Horney, German psychoanalyst, to U.S. 1932
  • Wolfgang Kohler, German psychologist, to U.S. 1934
  • Fritz Lang, German film director, to U.S. 1934
  • Thomas Mann, German author, in U.S. 1938-53
  • Herbert Marcuse, German political philosopher, to U.S. 1934
  • Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, German architect, to U.S. 1937
  • Lazlo Moholy-Nagy, Hungarian painter, to U.S. 1937
  • Hans Morgenthau, German political scientist, to U.S. 1937
  • Erwin Panovsky, German art historian, to U.S.
  • Erwin Piscator, German theatrical director, in U.S. 1939-1951
  • Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian composer, to U.S. 1931
  • Joseph Schumpeter, Austrian economist, to U.S. 1932
  • Isaac Bashevis Singer, Polish-Yiddish novelist, to U.S. 1935
  • Igor Stravinsky, Russian composer, to U.S. 1937
  • George Szell, Hungarian conductor, to U.S. 1937
  • Leo Szilard, Hungarian physicist, to U.S. 1938
  • Edward Teller, Hungarian physicist, to U.S. 1935
  • Paul Tillich, German theologian, to U.S. 1933
  • Arturo Toscanini, Italian conductor, to U.S. 1930
  • John Von Neumann, Hungarian mathematician, to U.S. 1930
  • Bruno Walter, German conductor, to U.S. 1938
  • Kurt Weill, German composer, to U.S. 1935
  • Max Wertheimer, German psychologist, to U.S. 1933
  • Eugene Wigner, Hungarian physicist, to U.S. 1930

Excerpted from: Rosenbaum, Robert A. The Penguin Encyclopedia of American History. New York: Penguin, 2003.

Word Origins: Diamond

“diamond: [ME] The name of the gem derives from a medieval Latin alteration of Latin adamans ADAMANT. Adamant was a legendary rock or mineral of many supposed properties. One of these was hardness, which was a reason why people sometimes identified it with diamond. A diamond is forever was used as an advertising slogan for De Beers Consolidated Mines from the late 1940s onwards, and in 1956 Ian Fleming used Diamonds are Forever as the title of his latest James Bond thriller, but the idea was first expressed by the American writer Anita Loos, in Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1925). ‘Diamonds are a Girl’s Best Friend‘ was a song written by Leo Robin and Jule Styne for the 1949 stage musical of Gentlemen Prefer Blondes.”

Excerpted from: Creswell, Julia. Oxford Dictionary of Word Origins. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.

The Devil’s Dictionary: Auctioneer

“Auctioneer, n. The man who proclaims with a hammer that he has picked a pocket with his tongue.”

Ambrose Bierce

Excerpted from: Bierce, Ambrose. David E. Schultz and S.J. Joshi, eds. The Unabridged Devil’s Dictionary. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 2000. 

Tokyo Trials

“Tokyo Trials: The war crimes trials of Japanese leaders after World War II. Between May 1946 and November 1948, 27 Japanese leaders appeared before an international tribunal charged with crimes ranging from murder and atrocities to responsibility for causing the war. Seven, including the former Prime Minister, Tojo Hideki, were sentenced to death and 16 to life imprisonment (two others receiving shorter terms), but General MacArthur refused to allow the Emperor Hirohito to be tried for fear of undermining the postwar Japanese state.”

Excerpted from: Wright, Edmund, Ed. The Oxford Desk Encyclopedia of World History. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.

The Weekly Text, 29 May 2026, Asian Pacific American Heritage Month Week V: A Reading and Comprehension Worksheet on Mao Zedong

This week’s Text, for the final Friday of Asian Pacific American Heritage Month 2026, is this reading on Mao Zedong with its accompanying vocabulary-building and comprehension worksheet. Mao was and is a world-historical figure, so I must assume he remains part of a Global Studies curriculum in some states.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Sukarno

“Sukarno: (1901-1970) First president of Indonesia (1949-66). Son of a Javanese schoolteacher, he excelled in languages, mastering Javanese, Sudanese, Balinese, and modern Indonesian, which he did much to create. He emerged as a charismatic leader in the country’s independence movement. When the Japanese invaded in 1942, he served them as a chief adviser, while pressuring them to grant Indonesia independence. Immediately following Japan’s defeat, he declared independence; the Dutch did not transfer sovereignty until 1949. Once he became president, Indonesia made gains in health, education, and cultural self-awareness, but democracy and the economy floundered. His government was corrupt, inflation soared, and the country experienced a continuous state of crisis. An attempted coup by communists in 1965 led to a military takeover by Suharto and a purge of alleged communists left some 300,000 dead.

Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

Cultural Literacy: Sukarno

In August of 2021, while I was looking for an apartment in New York after three disastrous years in New England, I read Vincent Bevins’ excellent book, The Jakarta Method (New York: Public Affairs, 2020). The book chronicles the United States’ policy, executed by way of the Central Intelligence Agency, of abetting anti-communist mass killings during the Cold War. Jakarta, of course, is the capital of Indonesia.

You’ve probably already guessed that Jakarta, and Indonesia, were in fact the site of mass killings; some 500,000 people lost their lives in anti-communist violence aroused by Suharto in 1965. Until Suharto deposed him, Sukarno lead Indonesia. He was an internationalist, and anti-imperialist, and as such one of the progenitors of the Non-Aligned Movement. This was a group of nations that rejected Cold War bipolarity and refused, as the name of their movement implies, to align themselves with the Cold War superpowers, i.e. the Soviet Union and the United States.

So, finally, here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on Sukarno. This is a half-page worksheet with a reading of one sentence and one comprehension question. I think this is woefully inadequate, which is why you have been compelled (or impelled, depending on how interesting you find all of this) to slog through those first two paragraphs.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Cultural Literacy: South Korea

This six-sentence reading in this Cultural Literacy worksheet on South Korea does a very nice job of summarizing the last seventy-five or so years of South Korean history. The six comprehension questions, which I wrote, are up for your judgment.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

James Wong Howe

“James Wong Howe originally Wong Tung Jim: (1899-1976) U.S. cinematographer. At age 5 he emigrated with his family to the U.S. He worked in Hollywood from 1917 and became a cameraman for Cecil B. DeMille. He developed innovations in lighting in the 1920s and pioneered the use of the wide-angle lens, deep focus, and the handheld camera. His low-key cinematography is seen in such films as Kings Row (1942), Body and Soul (1947), Picnic (1956), The Rose Tattoo (1955, Academy Award), and Hud (1963, Academy Award).”

Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.