Tag Archives: foreign languages/linguistics

Term of Art: Deus Ex Machina

“Deus Ex Machina: (Lat, “god from the machine) A theatrical device used in Greek tragedy. In several plays of Euripides, a god appears at the last moment to provide the solution to the tangled problems of the main characters. The god is let down from the sky on a sort of crane. The phrase has come to refer to a playwright’s use of external means to solve the problems of his characters—a practice generally frowned upon.”

Excerpted from: Murphy, Bruce, ed. Benet’s Reader’s Encyclopedia, Fourth Edition. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.

Term of Art: Hellenistic Grammar

“Hellenistic Grammar: The study of grammar in the West in the period called ‘Hellenistic,’ conventionally 323-31 BC: the period of the early Stoics and Alexandrians, including Dionysius Thrax.”

Excerpted from: Matthews, P.H., ed. The Oxford Concise Dictionary of Linguistics. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.

Word Root Exercise: Pod, -Pode

OK, esteemed colleagues, here is a worksheet on the Greek word roots pod and pode. They mean foot and feet. These are a couple of very productive roots in English, and sometimes morph into pede–e.g. centipede. Any student with an interest in the healthcare professions would probably benefit from a look at this document.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Historical Term: Auto da fe

“Auto da fe (auto da fe Span., act of faith). The ceremony accompanying the execution of condemned heretics during the Inquisition in Spain and Portugal. Pope Sixtus IV first authorized the Spanish monarchy to name inquisitors in a bull of 1478.  The Inquisition lasted until 1813, when it was suppressed by the Cortes de Cadiz. Restored by Ferdinand VII in 1814, it was suppressed again in 1820, only to be reinstated three years later. The last auto da fe took place in 1826; the Inquisition was finally abolished in 1834.”

Excerpted from: Cook, Chris. Dictionary of Historical Terms. New York: Gramercy, 1998.

Aegis

“Aegis: (fr Gr, aix, ‘goat’) Variously interpreted as a shield made of goatskin or as the awesome thundercloud of Zeus. Homer depicts the aegis as an impregnable shield made by the god Hephaestus. On occasion Zeus lent the aegis to other gods; particularly Athene and Apollo. The aegis symbolized the gods’ special powers. Hence the term has come denote authority and protection.”

Excerpted from: Murphy, Bruce, ed. Benet’s Reader’s Encyclopedia, Fourth Edition. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.

Word Root Exercise: Sect

Alright then, as the great thespian and pet detective Ace Ventura would say, here is a worksheet on the Latin word root sect. It means, as you will quickly see, to cut. You’ll also see that it is a productive root in English, particularly for words in the sciences. So the next time your students are required to dissect something, they will know something about the family of words that sprouts from this root.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Book of Answers: The Vulgate Bible

“When did the Vulgate Bible first appear? The Latin translation of the Bible was written mostly by Saint Jerome in 382-384 A.D. The term comes from Latin edition vulgate, ‘spread among the people.’”

Excerpted from: Corey, Melinda, and George Ochoa. Literature: The New York Public Library Book of Answers. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1993.

Word Root Exercise: Pneum/o, Pneumon/o, Pneumat/o, –Pnea, and -Pnoea (Greek)

Finally this morning, here is a worksheet on the Greek roots pneum, pneumon-o, -pnea and -pnoea. They mean, variously, breathing, lung, air, and spirit (leave it to the Greeks to blend the literal and metaphorical with ease). This is another worksheet for students interested in the health professions.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Term of Art: Autonomy

“Autonomy (Gk., self-law). Self-government, often used in a context where there are pressures which might alter this state of prevent its attainment.”

Excerpted from: Cook, Chris. Dictionary of Historical Terms. New York: Gramercy, 1998.

Word Root Exercise: Purg

Moving right along on this rainy morning in Vermont, here is a worksheet on the Latin word root purg. It means clean, and is a very productive root in English and the Romance languages. However, as you will see, you and your students, where words that grow around this root are concerned, will need to think broadly and figuratively about the definition of clean.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.