Category Archives: Independent Practice

This is material either specifically designed for or appropriate to use for what is more commonly known as “homework.”

Cultural Literacy: Valencia

Here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on Valencia. This is a half-page worksheet with a reading of one extremely short (i.e. eight words) sentence and one comprehension question. I would use this with struggling or emergent readers, then help them find Valencia on a map: in other words, find a correspondence between word and image.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Somoza Family

“Somoza family: Family that maintained political control of Nicaragua for more then 40 years. The dynasty’s founder, Anastasio Somosa Garcia (1896-1956), became head of Nicaragua’s army in 1933 and, after deposing the elected president in 1936, ruled the country with a firm and grasping hand until he was assassinated. He was succeeded by his elder son, Luis Somoza Debayle (1922-1967), and later by his younger son, Anastasio Somoza Debayle (1925-1980), whose corrupt and brutal rule (1963-79) led to his overthrow by the Sandinistas. Somoza looted the country before leaving for Miami; he was assassinated in Paraguay.”

Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

The Weekly Text, 4 October 2024, Hispanic Heritage Month Week III: A Reading and Comprehension Worksheet on President James Monroe

You probably know, particularly if you teach United States History, that the Monroe Doctrine (1823) bears the name of President James Monroe. The Monroe Doctrine held that any foreign powers that intervene in political affairs in the Americas commits a potentially hostile act against the United States. Conceived, as most historians apparently agree, as an act of solidarity with the emergent republics across the Americas–what we also call Latin America.

During the Cold War, alas, the doctrine was perverted in such a way that it became a justification for United States Imperialism in Latin America (I’ve written about this here). All of this ratiocination is to introduce, and articulate the relevance of this reading on President James Monroe along with its vocabulary-building and comprehension worksheet to Hispanic Heritage Month 2024.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Cultural Literacy: Sancho Panza

Here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on Sancho Panza, Don Quixote de la Mancha’s sidekick in Cervantes’ masterpiece (which I reread constantly) Don Quixote. This is a half-page worksheet with a two-sentence reading and two comprehension questions. As is characteristic of the work of the editors of The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, this is a cogent, informative squib on an important character in the history of literature.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Cultural Literacy: The Santa Fe Trail

Here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on the Santa Fe Trail. William Becknell pioneered this road in 1821 as a commercial route between St. Louis, Missouri and Santa Fe, New Mexico (which wasn’t, of course, a state at that time–it became a state in 1912). Along with the freight that moved along this road, inevitably, settlers began to follow. This was the beginning of the United States’ endeavor to help itself to territory that was at the time part of Mexico–which of course culminated in the Mexican-American War.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

The Weekly Text, 27 September 2024, Hispanic Heritage Month Week II: A Lesson on the Latin Word Root Aqua

If you read last’s week’s text, you are aware that Mark’s Text Terminal is bereft of cogent or compelling–let alone relevant–materials for Weekly Texts for Hispanic Heritage Month 2024. I want, indeed I need, to remedy this situation. For a variety of entirely uninteresting personal reasons, I haven’t the stamina this fall to pull together new materials.

However, I can make a case for this lesson on the Latin word root aqua. It means, as you already know, water. The Spanish word, agua, is obviously a cognate; like aqua in English, it is an extremely vigorous root in Spanish, yielding common words like, aguacate (“avocado”), aguacero (“shower, downpour”) and aguado (“diluted, watered-down”). In English, this root gives us such high-frequency English words as aquarium, aqueduct, aquatic, and aqueous. Spanish-speakers, I argue, benefit from finding commonalities in roots in English and Spanish.

I start this lesson with this context clues worksheet on the noun vapor to point students in the general directions of analyzing and identifying this word root. This scaffolded worksheet, replete with Romance-language cognates, is the principal work of this lesson.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Acapulco (de Juarez)

“Acapulco (de Juarez): Seaport, southwest Mexico. Situated on a deep semicircular bay, it has the best harbor on Mexico’s Pacific coast. It was discovered by Hernan Cortes in 1531, and a settlement was founded in 1550. Until 1815, it was a main depot for Spanish colonial fleets going to East Asia, and especially to Manila. It has become a major international resort for tourists attracted by its scenic beauty, climate, and excellent beaches.”

Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

Cultural Literacy: Francisco Pizarro

Here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on Francisco Pizarro. This is a half-page worksheet with a reading of one sentence and two comprehension questions. In other words, just the basics on this conquistador who trashed the Inca Empire.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Cultural Literacy: Los Angeles

This Cultural Literacy worksheet on Los Angeles reflects little on Hispanic Heritage Month, alas, on whose educational content this and all other blog posts here seek to address, other than its Spanish name. In any case, this is a full-page worksheet with a reading of five sentences and six comprehension questions. It covers a lot of bases in those five sentences, including the 1965 Watts Uprising, the beating of Rodney King by officers of the Los Angeles Police Department, the presence of Hollywood, a center of the American popular entertainment industry, as well as the the poor air quality found in that city.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

The Weekly Text, 20 September 2024, Hispanic Heritage Month Week I: A Reading and Comprehension Worksheet on San Francisco

As you may know (or probably know if you are a regular user of this website), Hispanic Heritage Month is observed annually from 15 September to 15 October in the United States. Therefore, it is also observed here at Mark’s Text Terminal. The problem for the blog–and therefore for me, with which I am currently displeased–is that after this month, whose offerings are arguably at the margins of Hispanic Heritage Month, I will have run out of materials for Weekly Texts for the month.

It’s probably worth mentioning that Latinx students in the school in which I serve, during the local superintendent’s visits, have discussed the fact that they often feel invisible at our school. Demographically, our student body is principally students of Afro-Caribbean descent. We do tend to make a big deal of Black History Month, but not so much of Hispanic Heritage Month.

In fairness to the institution in which I serve (which probably doesn’t deserve it, but that is a subject for a blog entry that I will probably never write), ignorance of Hispanic Heritage Month is not unusual. During the 2018-2019 school year, I worked in a high school in Springfield, Massachusetts. Springfield (and nearby Holyoke) has a longstanding and robust citizenry of Puerto Rican descent. In that school, the students I served had never even heard of Hispanic Heritage Month. That, you won’t be surprised to hear, shocked me. In any event, despite its many shortcomings, at least the majority of the faculty and administration, ergo the student body, at my current school is aware of this month’s celebration of the contributions to this nation from its citizens of Hispanic descent.

A couple of years ago, I was assigned a sociology elective course three days  before the school year began. There was no syllabus or curriculum for this course, and I obviously had no time to plan. As I began working on the course, I focused on sociological issues germane to the community in which I live and work. Knowing as I did Latinx students’ feelings of invisibility in my school, I began work on a unit on the infamous “Zoot Suit Riots” in Los Angeles in 1943. The idiocy of standardized testing and pointless, make-work administrative mandates ultimately derailed this project, although I do have a unit outlined, texts chosen, and ancillary material, particularly the PBS documentary on this incident, ready to build into a series of at least a half-dozen solid lessons. I plan to finish this unit at some point (after, at the very least, I read Thomas Sanchez’s novel Zoot Suit Murders, a copy of which I currently possess). I’ll get that material up as soon as I can.

In the meantime, please accept the rather weak tea, where Hispanic history is concerned, of this reading on San Francisco along with its accompanying vocabulary-building and comprehension worksheet.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.