Tag Archives: readings/research

Seven Sevens Are 49

“Forty-nine alone escapes the Eastern suspicion of anything to do with the number 4 (which has a tonal connection with the Chinese word for death). This is because it is the sum of seven times seven, and ‘seven’ is very propitious because it sounds like ‘arise’ and can also mean ‘togetherness.’ For the superstitious, rather than writing forty-nine by itself, seven times seven is often used or tacked on beside it. So forty-nine has become the Eastern world’s preferred length of time for fasting, and cleansing rituals, as well as being the period of time for a requiem ritual after a death.”

Rogerson, Barnaby. Rogerson’s Book of Numbers: The Culture of Numbers–from 1,001 Nights to the Seven Wonders of the World. New York: Picador, 2013.

Kenzaburo Oe (1935-)

“Japanese novelist. Oe is widely read in his own country and considered by many to be the finest writer of his generation. His first work, a novella called Shiiku (1958; tr The Catch, 1972), describes the friendship between a Japanese boy and a black American prisoner of war. Published while Oe was still a student, it received the prestigious Akutgawa award. In Oe’s early works, madness and violence are commonplace. His fiction explores Japanese feelings of betrayal, dislocation, and alienation in the wake of World War II, and his political writings focus on Japan’s search for cultural and ideological roots. Oe’s later works reflect his intense and painful experience as a father of a brain-damaged child: Kojinteki na taiken (1964; tr A Personal Matter, 1968); Man’en gannen no futtoboru (1967; tr The Silent Cry, 1974); and Warera no kyoki o ikinobiru michi o oshieyo (1969; tr Teach Us to Outgrow Our Madness: Four Short Novels, 1977). Oe’s style has been described as innovative, wild, and vital and has angered certain critics by flouting prevailing Japanese literary conventions of delicacy and simplicity. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1994, only the second Japanese writer so honored (Kawabata was the first, in 1968.).”

Excerpted from: Murphy, Bruce, ed. Benet’s Reader’s Encyclopedia, Fourth Edition. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.

Chinese Hand Laundry Alliance of New York (CHLA)

Organization formed on 23 April 1933 to protest an ordinance forcing Chinese hand laundries in New York City to cease operations. It defeated the ordinance and became the foremost agency in the struggle for the economic, political, and civil rights of Chinese laundry workers; it also helped to launch the Chinese language newspaper China Daily News (1940-89). At its peak, the organization had 3200 members. During the 1950s it was harassed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation for alleged ties to communism, and several members were deported. The alliance took part in the civil rights movement of the 1960s and remained in operation into the 1990s.

Renqiu Yu. To Save China, to Save Ourselves: The Chinese Hand Laundry Alliance. (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1992).”

Excerpted from: Jackson, Kenneth, ed. The Encyclopedia of New York City. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995.

The Weekly Text, May 4, 2018, Asian Pacific American History Month 2018 Week I: A Reading and Comprehension Worksheet on the Chinese Exclusion Act

For the first text of Asian Pacific American Heritage Month, I offer a materials on one of the most ignoble pieces of legislation ever to pass through our legislative and executive branch, the Chinese Exclusion Act.

So, here is a reading on the Chinese Exclusion Act along with this comprehension worksheet on it. Finally, here is an Everyday Edit on the late Senator Daniel Inouye (and if you want or need more Everyday Edit worksheets, I highly recommend visiting the Everyday Edit page at Education World, where you will find the generous proprietors of the site give away away a yearlong supply of them for free!).

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

U Thant (1909-1974)

“Third secretary-general of the United Nations (1961-1971), the first Asian to hold the post. Born in Myanmar (Burma), he was educated at the University of Yangon but had to leave before graduating. He taught high school before entering government service. Posted to the U.N. in 1952, he became Burma’s U.N. ambassador in 1957. In 1961 he became acting secretary-general after Dag Hammarskjold’s death; he became permanent secretary-general in 1962. In his two full terms (1962-1971), he played a diplomatic role in the Cuban missile crisis, devised a plan to end the Congolese civil war (1962), and sent peacekeeping forces to Cyprus (1964).”

Stevens, Mark A., Ed. The Merriam Webster Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

Jacob Bronowski on the Essence of Science

“That is the essence of science: ask an impertinent question, and you are on the way to a pertinent answer.”

Jacob Bronowski The Ascent of Man (1973)

Excerpted from: Howe, Randy, ed. The Quotable Teacher. Guilford, CT: The Lyons Press, 2003.

The Alexandrian Library

The most famous library of antiquity. Located in Alexandria, it was the principal center of Hellenistic culture under the Ptolemies, and contained hundreds of thousands of rolls. Among its earliest librarians were Callimachus and Apollonius of Rhodes. G[eorge] B[ernard] Shaw treats humorously the burning of the library by Julius Caesar. It was burned and partly consumed in 391; in 642, according to a dubious legend, the caliph Omar seized the city and used the library’s books ‘to heat the baths of the city for six months.’ It is said that it contained 700,000 volumes, and the reason given by the Muslim destroyer for the destruction of the library was that the books were unnecessary in any case for all the knowledge that was necessary to man was contained in the Koran and that knowledge that was contained in the library that was not contained in the Koran must be pernicious. Most modern experts, however, agree that the story of the library’s destruction by Omar is probably apocryphal.”

Excerpted from: Murphy, Bruce, ed. Benet’s Reader’s Encyclopedia, Fourth Edition. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.

Ptolemy

Maybe you can use this short reading on Ptolemy as well as the vocabulary-building and comprehension worksheet to accompany it. He’s someone students need to know about for the Regents Examination in Global History here in New York.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Aphorism

“A compact statement, such as a maxim or proverb, that concisely expresses a principle or common experience. The term was first used by Hippocrates. The beginning sentence of his Aphorisms is a well-known example: ‘Life is short, art is long, opportunity fleeting, experimenting dangerous, reasoning difficult.”

Murphy, Bruce, ed. Benet’s Reader’s Encyclopedia, Fourth Edition. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.

Ptolemy’s 1,022 Stars

“The great quest of medieval science was for a perfect copy of Ptolemy’s Almagest, written in Egypt in 147 AD. It was known to have thirteen sections, with the most accurate analysis of star and planetary paths ever achieved, alongside a catalogue of 1,022 starts listed on a scale of magnitude from 1 to 6. It was a key that threatened to unlock the secrets of the heavens.”            

Excerpted from: Rogerson, Barnaby. Rogerson’s Book of Numbers: The Culture of Numbers–from 1,001 Nights to the Seven Wonders of the World. New York: Picador, 2013.