Category Archives: Social Sciences

You’ll find domain-specific material designed to meet Common Core Standards in social studies, along with adapted and differentiated materials that deal with a broad array of conceptual knowledge in the social sciences. See the Taxonomies page for more about this category.

Places in Women’s History: Shirley A. Chisholm State Office Building, Downtown Brooklyn, New York

Frantz Fanon on European Social, Political, and Spiritual Ethics

“When I search for Man in the technique and the style of Europe, I see only a succession of negations of man, and an avalanche of murders.”

Frantz Fanon

The Wretched of the Earth “Concerning Violence” (1961) (translation by Constance Farrington)

Excerpted from: Schapiro, Fred, ed. The Yale Book of Quotations. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006.

Brown Girl, Brownstones

“Brown Girl, Brownstones: (1959) A novel by Paule Marshall, The title refers to the rows of Victorian brownstone houses that abound in Fulton Park, Brooklyn, where Selina Boyce, the main character, lives. Selina is the daughter of Barbadian immigrants who moved to the U.S. twenty years earlier. After two decades of labor, mostly as domestics and factory workers, they, along with other Barbadians, have moved out of a cockroach-infested nieghborhood to better environs, with dreams of owning their own house. The Boyces attempt to acquire one of the brownstones and rise in the eyes of other middle-class Barbadians, However, Selina’s father, Deighton, has a vision of a perfect house he would consider living in, the kind of house in which whites would want to live. The money to acquire a house is obtained through inheritance, but because the house he wants is not available, Deighton decides to spend every bit of the money on a shopping spree on Fifth Avenue. The dream of the house is abandoned as the area is picked by inner-city developers for a major project.

Meanwhile, Selina has spiritually grown away from her family. She goes to college and copes with racism, temporarily transcending it through the medium of dance. However, the effect is short-lived: at a party following her stage performance, hosted by a rich white family on the Upper East Side, she begins to feel the pressure of racism again, through the unconsciously racist comments that are passed socially. But Selina emerges at the end of the novel as a much stronger person, having discovered herself through art.”

Excerpted from: Murphy, Bruce, ed. Benet’s Reader’s Encyclopedia, Fourth Edition. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.

Cultural Literacy: Spirituals

Here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on spirituals. This is a half-page document with a reading of three sentences and five comprehension questions. The reading is straightforward, and even the longish third and final sentence is simply a list of famous spirituals that shouldn’t cause a reader at any level much trouble.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review

Ralph Waldo Ellison

“Ralph Waldo Ellison: (1914-1993) American novelist, essayist, short-story writer, and critic. Ellison was recognized as one of the most influential and accomplished American authors of the twentieth century. He is best-known for his highly acclaimed first novel, Invisible Man, the story of a young African-American man’s painful efforts to find identity and recognition in a society that sees only his superficial racial characteristics. Recipient of the National Book Award for fiction, Invisible Man is regarded as a masterpiece for its complex treatment of racial repression and betrayal.

Ellison’s first collection of essays, Shadow and Act (1964), covers over two decades of reviews, criticism, and interviews concerning such subjects as literature, music, art, and race. Going to the Territory (1986) echoes many of these concerns. Ellison’s short stories, written in the 1940s and 1950s, are often anthologized. He taught and lectured widely in both America and Europe and was Albert Schweitzer Professor of Humanities at New York University (1970-79). Ellison was at work on another novel, which had once already been destroyed by a fire at his home, at the time of his death.”

Excerpted from: Murphy, Bruce, ed. Benet’s Reader’s Encyclopedia, Fourth Edition. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.

The Weekly Text, 27 February 2026, Black History Month Week IV: A Reading and Comprehension Worksheet on The Underground Railroad

OK, for the final Friday of Black History Month 2026, here is a reading on the Underground Railroad along with its accompanying vocabulary-building and comprehension worksheet.

Should you be interested, as I most certainly was when I first heard it two years ago, here is a National Public Radio story about the Underground Railroad, and in particular a man named Thomas Smallwood. As the interview subject, Scott Shane, observes, “Thomas Smallwood is an amazing guy who very few people know about.” Mr. Shane thought it sufficiently important that people know about Thomas Smallwood that he wrote a book on Mr. Smallwood, Flee North: A Forgotten Hero and the Fight for Freedom in Slavery’s Borderland.

When we think about the Underground Railroad, we tend, rightly, to think of Harriet Tubman. Thomas Smallwood is easily her equal in heroic feats of helping slaves escape bondage. He should be better known.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Cultural Literacy: Tanzania

Here is a worksheet on Tanzania. This is full-page worksheet with a reading of four sentences and seven comprehension questions.

The second sentence in the reading, I must warn users, is a slog. It is actually four clauses separated by semicolons. This sentence outlines the geography of Tanzania and its neighbors–the kind of thing I want to try to use with students who are a bit higher on the scaffold of literacy. If you are dealing with emergent readers or users of English as a second language, I think you will perceive the necessity of breaking up that second sentence, the verbal equivalent of the Green Monster at Fenway Park in Boston.

Fortunately, the task is relatively easy. You really only need to remove the semicolons and turn the clauses they separate into complete sentences and terminate them with periods. For example, the second clause, “to the east by the Indian ocean,” you can rewrite as “The eastern border of Tanzania is the Indian Ocean.”

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review

The Weekly Text, 20 February 2026, Black History Month Week III: A Reading on Arturo Schomburg

Sometime not long after I returned to New York in 2021, I attended a lecture a the New York Public Library (the main on 5th Avenue and 42nd Street, with the lions Patience and Fortitude at the front) on Arturo Schomburg. When I lived in Harlem, I walked by his namesake, the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, every morning on my way to work. I also regularly stopped in to view exhibits there as well.

Therefore, Arturo Schomburg has been something of a presence in my intellectual life since 2004.

There are two biographies of Arturo Schomburg: Diasporic Blackness: The Life and Times of Arturo Schomburg,  by Vanessa Valdes or Arturo Schomburg: Black Bibliophile and Collector by Elinor Des Verney Sinette. I read the latter

One thing that I did pick up on at the lecture and in Ms Sinette’s book, however, was the existence of this article from the man himself. This is a PDF of an article “Arthur” (one thing I learned about Schomburg is that very little is known about him, including which given version of his given name he was using at any time) Schomburg wrote on Black History, “The Negro Digs Up His History.” Nota bene, please, that I have only posted the reading; next year at this time (I already have the basic structure assembled) you’ll find a fully realized lesson plan to accompany this article.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

C(yril) L(ionel) (R)obert James

“C(yril) L(ionel) R(obert) James: (1901-1989) Trinidadian writer and political activist. As a young man he moved to Britain, where his first work, The Life of Captain Cipriani, was published in 1929. His study of Toussaint-Louverture, The Black Jacobins (1938) was a seminal work. During his first stay in the U.S. (1938-53), he became friends with Paul Robeson. Eventually deported to Britain because of his Marxism and labor activism, James wrote on cricket for the Guardian. His Beyond the Boundary (1963) mixes autobiography with commentary on politics and sports. He returned the to the U.S. in 1970 but eventually settled permanently in Britain.”

Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

Cultural Literacy: South Africa

Here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on South Africa. This one is a doozy: the reading is a full paragraph of 14 sentences, and the comprehension questions number 15. This document might be best broken up into pieces for struggling and emergent readers.

In any case, you may be aware of a relatively recent federal government program in the United States granting refugee status to a group of white South Africans of Dutch descent. Known as Afrikaners, they evidently believe themselves oppressed; they have found a sympathetic ear in President Donald Trump. Anyone who knows anything about the history of South Africa, and especially the Afrikaners, may be forgiven for their skepticism about all of this.

Because the Afrikaners were oppressors, not oppressed. It really is that simple.

I am interested to see that the first bunch of these immigrants ended up in Alabama–you know, the state with a long history of white supremacy, and which led the way in bringing cases before the Supreme Court to weaken the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.