Category Archives: English Language Arts

This category contains domain-specific material–reading and writing expository prose, interpreting literature etc.–designed to meet the Common Core standards in English language arts while at the same time being flexible enough to meet the needs of diverse and idiosyncratic learners.

Bernard Coard on the Implications of Placement of West Indian Children in British “Educationally Sub-Normal” Schools

“The implications for the large number of West Indian children who get placed in ESN [Educationally Sub-Normal] school and who can never ‘escape’ back to normal schools are far reaching and permanent. As demonstrated above, the West Indian child’s educational level on leaving school will be very low. He will be eligible, on reason of his lack of qualifications and his assessment as being ESN, only for the jobs which really-ESN pupils are able to perform; namely, repetitive jobs of a menial kind, which involve little use of intelligence. This is what he or she can look forward to as a career! In turn, though his getting poor wages, poor housing, and having no motivation to better himself, his children can look forward to s similar educational experience and similar career prospect! No wonder E.J.B. Rose, who was Director of the Survey of Race Relations in Britain, and co-author of the report Colour and Citizenship, states that by the year 2000 Britain will probably have a Black helot class unless the educational system is radically altered.”

Excerpted from: Coard, Bernard. How the West Indian Child Is Made Educationally Sub-Normal in the British School System: 50th Anniversary Expanded Fifth Edition. Kingston, Jamaica: McDermott Publishing, 2021.

The Weekly Text,11 February 2022, Black History Month 2022 Week II: A Reading and Comprehension Worksheet on Aretha Franklin

For Week II of Black History Month 2022, here is a reading on Aretha Franklin with its accompanying vocabulary-building and comprehension worksheet. The Queen of Soul has been in the zeitgeist recently with the new biographical motion picture on her, Respect.

Have you seen the movie? I haven’t, but plan to. The producers assembled one hell of a cast, including the incomparable Audra McDonald as Aretha’s mother, Barbara Siggers Franklin, Forest Whitaker as her father, The Reverend C.L. Franklin, and Mary J Blige (!) as Dinah Washington. And last but certainly not least, Jennifer Hudson as Aretha herself.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Healthful Advice from the Great Satchel Paige

“If your stomach disputes you, lie down and pacify it with cool thoughts.”

Satchel Paige, “How to Keep Young,” Colliers, 13 June 1953

Excerpted from: Shapiro, Fred, ed. The Yale Book of Quotations. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006.

Cultural Literacy: Lift Ev’ry Voice and Sing

Here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on Lift Ev’ry Voice and Sing. Often referred to, as this document states, the “Black National Anthem,” the song was composed by James Weldon Johnson and his brother Rosamond. This is a full-page worksheet made up of a two-sentence reading, the first stanza of the song, and three comprehension questions.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Wynton Marsalis

Wynton Marsalis: (b. 1961) U.S. trumpeter and composer, a major figure in the renewal of interest in jazz. Born in New Orleans, Marsalis was a trumpet prodigy and was recognized as an important soloist in both the classical and jazz traditions at an early age. He joined Art Blakey’s Jazz Messengers (1980-1982) before leading his own groups. As a composer he has written ballet and concert works and won the 1997 Pulitzer Prize for his oratorio Blood on the Fields.”

Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

Cultural Literacy: Ralph Bunche

Here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on Ralph Bunche. This is a half-page worksheet with a two-sentence reading and two comprehension questions. In other words, thin gruel for a diplomat of Mr. Bunche’s stature; he did, after all, win the Nobel Peace Prize in 1950. In the course of preparing this post I learned that he was present at the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Furthermore, he was also deeply involved in the global decolonization movement after World War II.

So, this sparse introduction serves the barest of purposes in familiarizing students with Ralph Bunche and his accomplishments. Still, unless a social studies teacher works Mr. Bunche into a unit on decolonization, students may never hear his name. So, if this modest document resolves that, perhaps it is useful after all.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Bernard Coard on the Experience of the Wrongly Classified Child

“The experience of being removed from a normal school and placed in the neighborhood ‘nut’ school, as everybody calls it, is a bitter one. The child feels deeply that racial discrimination and rejection have been practiced towards him by the authorities who have assessed him wrongly as being ESN [Educationally Sub-Normal]. Other Black children, who are young and unsure of themselves, may simply accept the judgement of themselves as being of low intelligence and give up any attempt to succeed academically. The immense influence of other people’s expectations in creating the child’s own self-image of his abilities and likely performance will be examined, with evidence, in Chapter 3.

On the other side of the coin, the teacher who is told by the educational ‘experts’ that a child is ESN, will obviously expect the child to be ESN. Therefore, the sort of work she will give the child, and the standard she will expect of him, will obviously be much lower than in a normal school. This means the child will learn much less than he is really capable of, and will be very frustrated day by day in the class room. That such children quite often ‘act up’ and become behaviour problems under these circumstances is to be expected”

Excerpted from: Coard, Bernard. How the West Indian Child Is Made Educationally Sub-Normal in the British School System: 50th Anniversary Expanded Fifth Edition. Kingston, Jamaica: McDermott Publishing, 2021.

The Weekly Text, 4 February 2022, Black History Month 2022 Week I: A Reading and Comprehension Worksheet on Sidney Poitier

For the first week of Black History Month 2022 at Mark’s Text Terminal, here is a reading on Sidney Poitier together with its attendant vocabulary-building and comprehension worksheet.

As I comment on this blog at the beginning of every February, one month a year remains insufficient for the study of the myriad contributions to the world of people of African descent everywhere. More locally, Black history is American history. At the same time, for obvious reasons this site is not in the business of questioning a man of Carter Woodson’s stature. Hence the annual flurry of posts in observation of this month.

I don’t know if you’ve seen Steve McQueen’s excellent quintet of films, Small Axe, (it streams on Amazon Prime). The series left a sufficiently strong impression on me that I plan to watch it again. In the fifth and final film in the series, Education, we meet young Kingsley, who is obviously very bright but who nonetheless struggles in school. Because of his reading struggles (I inferred that he was dealing with the challenge of dyslexia; I’d be very interested to hear what you think), he is placed in a school for the “educationally subnormal.” In the course of this touching, thought-provoking film, the viewer is introduced to Bernard Coard’s short but cogent, indeed pungent, book, How the West Indian Child is Made Educationally Sub-normal in the British School System. After I watched the film, I set out in search of this book. Happily, it has been recently reprinted in a reasonably priced paperback edition. I bought one, read it, and transcribed some of the sections I considered most salient to teachers working today. I’m happy to say some of those quotes will appear here this month.

In any case, as you surely know, Sidney Poitier died on 6 January of this year. Sir Sidney (Queen Elizabeth knighted him in 1974) arrived in my consciousness when I was quite young–six or seven years old when I saw The Defiant Ones one afternoon on some sort of local television network matinee showing. Sidney Poitier’s dignity and moral force floored me, even at that young age. Afterwards, perhaps for the first time in my young life, I made note of Sir Sidney’s name and pledged to myself to watch any movie featuring him. I can’t pretend that the first time I saw Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner (a subtle, adult drama I first watched, I think, before my tenth birthday), I understood it, but I sure have since. In 1992, I was delighted to see him turn up among the all-star cast in the clever thriller Sneakers.

So, requiescat in pace Sir Sidney: the world is a better place for your presence.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Mande Languages

“Mande Languages: Branch of the Niger-Congo family of African languages. Mande comprises more than 25 languages of West Africa with over 10 million speakers. The most significant subgroup is the Mandekan complex, a continuum of languages and dialects, including Malinke, Maninka, Bambara, and Dyula, spoken from Senegambia and Guinea east through Mali to Burkina Faso. Other major Mande languages are Soninke in Mali, Kpelle in Liberia, Susu in Guinea, and Mende in Sierra Leone.”

Excerpted/Adapted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

Cultural Literacy: Burkina Faso

Here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on Burkina Faso. This is a full-page worksheet with a reading of three sentences, the first of which is a long compound, and eight comprehension questions. The reading focuses on the geography of this West African nation, as do the comprehension questions. This might be solid material for emergent readers and users of English as a second language: the material calls upon students to pay close attention to some finely parsed details about the nations adjacent to Burkina Faso, then record them in response to targeted comprehension questions.

Incidentally, Burkina Faso, like Chad, Mali, Guinea, and Sudan, recently suffered a coup d’etat. If one searches the topic, the pattern that emerges in reporting on these coups is that “Africa is suffering a wave of coups.” That may be true, but authoritarianism around the world is on the rise, not just in Africa. If a civil society remains most salubrious for everyday human life and interaction, a military coup is never good news. On a somewhat happier note, the Burkina Faso National Football Team is on a winning streak.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.