Tag Archives: professional development

Concepts in Sociology: Acculturation

“acculturation: This term is used to describe both the process of contacts between different cultures and also the outcome of such contacts. As the process of contact between cultures, acculturation may involve either direct social interaction or exposure to other cultures by means of the mass media of communication. As the outcome of such contact, acculturation refers to the assimilation by one group of the culture of another which modifies the existing culture and so changes group identity. There may be a tension between old and new cultures which leads to the adaptation of the new as well as the old.”

Excerpted from: Abercrombie, Nicholas, Stephen Hill, and Bryan S. Turner. Dictionary of Sociology. New York: Penguin, 2006.

Term of Art: Striving Reader

“striving reader: A student whose reading skills are below grade level.”

Excerpted from: Ravitch, Diane. EdSpeak: A Glossary of Education Terms, Phrases, Buzzwords, and Jargon. Alexandria, VA: ASCD, 2007.

Affect

“affect: Loan-word borrowed from the German Affekt. In nineteenth-century psychology the term is synonymous with emotion or excitement. Borrowing from that tradition, psychoanalysis defines affect as a quantity of psychic energy or a sum or excitation accompanying events that take place in the life of the psyche. Affect is not a direct emotional representation of an event, but a trace or residue that is aroused or reactivated through the repetition of that event or by some equivalent to it. Like libido, affect is quantifiable and both drives and images are therefore said to have a quota of affect.

In Freud’s theory of hysteria (the so-called Seduction Theory), the blocking of the affect corresponding to a traumatic event has a causal role; because it cannot be expressed or discharged in words, it takes the form of a somatic symptom. In his later writings Freud consistently makes a distinction between affect and representations, which may be either verbal or visual. The verbalization of the talking cure thus becomes an intellectualized way of discharging affects relating to childhood experiences.

One of the criticisms leveled at Lacan by certain of his fellow psychoanalysts is that he tends to pay little attention to affect.”

Excerpted from: Macey, David. The Penguin Dictionary of Critical Theory. New York: Penguin, 2001.

Mural

“Mural: A large painting or decoration applied directly on a wall surface or completed separately and later affixed to it. Early Italian Renaissance examples include church frescoes, while in this century Expressionist and Social Realist murals have been commissioned for public buildings in postrevolutionary Mexico.”

Excerpted from: Diamond, David G. The Bulfinch Pocket Dictionary of Art Terms. Boston: Little Brown, 1992.

Discursive

“Discursive (adjective): Covering a range of topics or discoursing freely and broadly, moving from subject to subject; characterized by rational analysis rather than intuition. Adverb: discursively; noun: discursiveness.

‘He published some of the best reporting—of an unofficial and personal kind—that was written about the war, and he elicited from Augustus John his delightful discursive memoirs, in which history is unimportant and chronology does not exist.’ Edmund Wilson, Classics and Commercials”

Excerpted from: Grambs, David. The Random House Dictionary for Writers and Readers. New York: Random House, 1990.

Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

“Warsaw Ghetto Uprising: (April 19-May 16, 1943) Revolt by Polish Jews under Nazi occupation against deportation to Treblinka. By July 1942 the Nazis had herded 500,000 Jews from surrounding areas into the ghetto in Warsaw. Though starvation killed thousands each month, the Nazis began transferring over 5,000 Jews a week to rural ‘labor camps.’ When word reached the ghetto in early 1943 that the destination was actually the gas chambers at Treblinka, the underground Jewish combat group ZOB attacked the Nazis, killing 50 in four days of street fighting and causing the deportations to halt. On April 19, Heinrich Himmler sent 2,000 SS men and army troops to clear the ghetto of its remaining 56,000 Jews. For four weeks the Jewish ZOB and guerillas fought with pistols and homemade bombs, destroying tanks and killing several hundred Nazis, until their ammunition ran out. All the Jews were either killed or deported, and on May 16 the SS chief declared ‘The Warsaw Ghetto is no more.’”

Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000

Term of Art: Self-Correction

“self-correction: A student’s ability to detect and correct errors. The term is often used while students read aloud and hear themselves make errors but correct it. Some reading tests consider a self-correction to be an error, which can result in a misleading oral reading score.”

Excerpted from: Turkington, Carol, and Joseph R. Harris, PhD. The Encyclopedia of Learning Disabilities. New York: Facts on File, 2006.

Diatribe

“Diatribe (noun): And abusive, often prolonged attack or denunciation; acrimonious harangue or critique.

‘Without polemic, dialectic, or diatribe, she has conveyed more clearly than anyone I’ve ever read before what it was like to be a girl in the 50’s, when one had a chance to grow up quietly and gradually.’ Susan Bolotin, The New York Times”

Excerpted from: Grambs, David. The Random House Dictionary for Writers and Readers. New York: Random House, 1990.

Linda Darling-Hammond on Middle and High Schools in the United States

“Many well-known adolescent difficulties are not intrinsic to the teenage years but are related to the mismatch between adolescents’ developmental needs and the kinds of experiences most junior high and high schools provide. When students need close affiliation, they experience large depersonalized schools; when they need to develop autonomy, they experience few opportunities for choice and punitive approaches to discipline; when they need expansive cognitive challenges and opportunities to demonstrate their competence, they experience work focused largely on the memorization of facts…”.

Linda Darling-Hammond

Excerpted from: Kohn, AlfieWhat Does It Mean to be Well Educated? Boston: Beacon Press, 2007

The Weekly Text, 20 June 2025: An Array of Planning Materials for a Unit on Writing Reviews

In the fourth or fifth year of my teaching career here in New York, I put together on the fly a unit on writing reviews. The students to whom I presented it received it well. They wrote cogent, interesting reviews. I resolved to develop the unit further. Then, as with so many things floating around in my data warehouse, I never had the chance to use it again. So, it languished.

Happily, over the past couple of years, when a bit of spare time presented itself, I resumed work on developing this material. I’ve now fashioned it into a seven-lesson unit, and each lesson will be forthcoming in the next seven weeks. These lessons, in other words, will be the Weekly Texts for the next seven weeks. They’ll take the blog most of the way through the summer of 2025.

Let’s begin with the unit plan, along with a shorter simple outline of the lessons only if you find that useful.

Next up are the the worksheet template and the the lesson-plan template.

Along the way I accumulated a lot of documents that may or may not be appropriate for revising or expanding–or both–this unit. Here is the list of aesthetic criteria to drive analysis and criticism of whatever art form has chosen to review; this will turn up again in the fourth lesson on establishing aesthetic criteria. Depending on how far a student reviewing film wants to go, this glossary of critical film terms might be useful. Finally, where aggregated text is concerned, from The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy (Hirsch, E.D., Joseph F. Kett, and James Trefil.New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2002), here is a list of terms from do-now exercises for this unit. This last document is more in the way of a learning support, I suppose.

And here is a list of all the do-now exercises I pulled aside for this unit. I haven’t included all of them, but rather pulled aside the ones I thought most vital to the focus of the unit. I’ll include the one I’ve included in the lesson, then two other freestanding posts with a do-now exercise from the list.

And that is it for this week. Everything here is formatted in Microsoft Word and open to your edits so that you can adjust this material to the needs of your students. Lesson one appears next week.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.