Category Archives: Reference

These are materials for teachers and parents, and you’ll find, in this category, teachers copies and answer keys for worksheets, quotes related to domain-specific knowledge in English Language Arts and social studies, and quotes on issues of professional concern. See the Taxonomies page for more about this category.

Term of Art: Case

“Case: The form of a noun or pronoun that reflects its grammatical function in a sentence as subject (they), object (them), or possessor (their). She gave her employees a raise that pleased them greatly.”

Excerpted from: Strunk, William Jr., and E.B. White. The Elements of Style, Fourth Edition. New York: Longman, 2000.

Common Errors in English Usage: Systematic and Systemic

Here is an English usage worksheet on the adjectives systematic and systemic and how to differentiate their. By any measure I recognize, these are a couple of important words for educated citizens to know, understand, and deploy properly. Systemic is an especially important word and concept for teaching and learning in the sciences.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Horace Mann on Jails and Schools

“Jails and prisons are the complement of schools; so many less as you have of the latter, so many more you have of the former.”

Horace Mann (1796-1859)

Excerpted from: Howe, Randy, ed. The Quotable Teacher. Guilford, CT: The Lyons Press, 2003.

Napoleon Bonaparte on History

“History is a set of lies agreed upon.”

Napoleon Bonaparte

Excerpted from: Winokur, Jon, ed. The Portable Curmudgeon. New York: Plume, 1992.

Red-Figure Vase Painting

“Red-Figure Vase Painting: Technique and style of Greek vase painting developed bout 525 BC (after Black-Figure Vase Painting) and dominating the art of the 5th century B.C. Black glaze is painted around the forms and figures of the reddish-brown clay, with inner details painted in. The finest Greek wares are in the red-figure style.”

Excerpted from: Diamond, David G. The Bulfinch Pocket Dictionary of Art Terms. Boston: Little Brown, 1992.

Term of Art: Auxiliary Verb

“Auxiliary Verb: A verb that combines with the main verb to show differences in tense, person and voice. The most common auxiliaries are forms of be, do, and have. I am going; we did not go; they have gone.”

Excerpted from: Strunk, William Jr., and E.B. White. The Elements of Style, Fourth Edition. New York: Longman, 2000.

The Devil’s Dictionary: Geology

“Geology, n. The science of the earth’s crust—to which, doubtless, will be added that of its interior whenever a man shall come up garrulous out of a well. The geological formations of the globe already noted are catalogued thus: The Primary, or lower one, consists of rocks, bones of mired mules, gaspipes, miners’ tools, antique statues minus the nose, Spanish doubloons and ancestors. The Secondary is largely made up of red worms and moles. The Tertiary comprises railroad tracks, patent pavements, grass, snakes, mouldy boots, beer bottles, tomato cans, intoxicated citizens, garbage, anarchists, snap-dogs and fools.”

Excerpted from: Bierce, Ambrose. David E. Schultz and S.J. Joshi, eds. The Unabridged Devil’s Dictionary. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 2000. 

Book of Answers: The Vulgate Bible

“When did the Vulgate Bible first appear? The Latin translation of the Bible was written mostly by Saint Jerome in 382-384 A.D. The term comes from Latin edition vulgate, ‘spread among the people.’”

Excerpted from: Corey, Melinda, and George Ochoa. Literature: The New York Public Library Book of Answers. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1993.

Iconography

“Iconography: The area of study dealing with the description of visual images and symbols. Art historian Erwin Panofsky first made the distinction between the identification of images (iconography) and the interpretation of their meaning (iconology). See ALLEGORY and REPRESENTATION.”

Excerpted from: Diamond, David G. The Bulfinch Pocket Dictionary of Art Terms. Boston: Little Brown, 1992.

Diaspora

“Diaspora: Exile or dispersion used with reference to the exile of the Jewish people from the land of Israel, though also now by analogy to other groups. Diaspora may also be used to refer not only to the state of being in exile, but also to the place of exile, the communities in exile, and to a state of mind that results from living in exile. The Hebrew term galut (also golus, galuth) expresses the feeling of living as a member of a relatively defenseless minority, subject to injustice if not to outright persecution in an unredeemed—though not unredeemable—world.”

Excerpted from: Murphy, Bruce, ed. Benet’s Reader’s Encyclopedia, Fourth Edition. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.