Monthly Archives: July 2023

Jeanne Chall on Key Differences Between Teacher-Centered and Student-Centered Instruction 3: Specific versus Integrated Content

“Teacher-Centered: There is a tendency to teach the traditional subjects (i.e. reding, writing, spelling, social studies, science) separately in the elementary grades. There may be some integration, but not until the basics of the separate subjects have been acquired.

Student-Centered: There is a preference for integrating subjects: reading, writing, spelling, literature, speaking, and listening into language arts; history and geography into social studies; and more recently social studies with reading and writing and science with literature.”

Excerpted from: Chall, Jeanne S. The Academic Achievement Challenge: What Really Works in the Classroom? New York: The Guilford Press, 2002.

Cajole (vt)

OK, last but not least on this blessedly cool late-July morning, here is a context clues worksheet on the verb cajole. It means “to persuade with flattery or gentle urging especially in the face of reluctance,” “coax,” “to obtain from someone by gentle persuasion,” and “to deceive with soothing words or false promises.”

This isn’t, I will stipulate, a high-frequency word in English. It is, however, a useful one. This verb is only used transitively, do don’t forget your direct object: The teacher cajoled his students into reading Immanuel Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Jeanne Chall on Key Differences Between Teacher-Centered and Student-Centered Instruction 2: What Should Be Emphasized—Product or Process?

“Teacher-Centered: Emphasis is on learning content and skills. Thinking and problem solving are learned with content.

Student-Centered: Emphasis is on process and how to solve problems—how to think. The content is less important than the process.”

 Excerpted from: Chall, Jeanne S. The Academic Achievement Challenge: What Really Works in the Classroom? New York: The Guilford Press, 2002.

Cultural Literacy: Yoga

Here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on yoga. This is a half-page worksheet with a one-sentence reading and one comprehension question. The sparest, which is not to say ineffective, introduction to this regimen of physical culture.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Jeanne Chall on Key Differences Between Teacher-Centered and Student-Centered Instruction 1: What Should Be Learned in School?

[Herewith begins a series of 16 quotes from Jeanne Chall on the difference between teacher-centered and student centered pedagogical approaches. I became aware of Jeanne Chall through a post on Diane Ravitch’s Blog related to the “Science of Reading,” which remains a controversial concept, and the so-called (and stupidly called, in this writer’s estimation) “reading wars.” You may have listened to Sold a Story, Emily Hanford’s podcast series on this issue from American Public Media–which has also aroused controversy, and which the always perceptive and thoughtful Nancy Bailey has commented upon. Unfortunately, the book of Jeanne Chall’s Dr. Ravitch sites as an exemplar of theory and practice in reading pedagogy, Learning to Read: The Great Debate, appears to be out of print. I settled for the title sited below, The Academic Achievement Challenge: What Really Works in the Classroom? (New York: The Guilford Press, 2002). I excerpted the subsequent 15 quotes posts from that book. Should you be interested in this material for your planning book for for discourses in professional development sessions, here is the typescript of the entire series of quotes.]

“Teacher-Centered: Knowledge from the past, present, and foreseeable future; skills important for the individual and society. A core curriculum based on the traditional disciplines of reading, writing, literature, mathematics, science, social studies, and art—arranged in an increasing order of difficulty.

Student-Centered: School learning should be based on the learner’s interests and needs. Theoretically, there is no required core curriculum that is arranged hierarchically. Subject matter is not structured. The emphasis is on the learning process and on a variety of subjects that are integrated to make them more meaningful.”

Excerpted from: Chall, Jeanne S. The Academic Achievement Challenge: What Really Works in the Classroom? New York: The Guilford Press, 2002.

Common Errors in English Usage: Later (adj/adv), Latter (adj)

Here is a worksheet on differentiating and using the adjectives later and latter. This full-page worksheet (adapted, as always with documents under the header above, from Paul Brians’ book Common Errors in English Usage, to which he generously allows open, free-of-charge access at his Washington State University web page) presents a four-sentence reading from Professor Brians’ book followed by ten modified cloze exercises.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Mezzo Relievo

“Mezzo Relievo: Medium-high relief.”

Excerpted from: Diamond, David G. The Bulfinch Pocket Dictionary of Art Terms. Boston: Little Brown, 1992.

Abide (vi), Abide (vt)

Lately, I have been working slowly on a notebook full of Merriam-Webster’s Words of the Day that I compiled during the COVID quarantine. In general, most of these aren’t high frequency words in English, so I feel little pressure to work on them. Over time, I will complete them all and you will find them here.

One of the words that popped up as I paged through my notebook was the verb abide. It presents with moderately challenging polysemy; it means slightly different things in its intransitive and transitive forms. So, here is a worksheet on the verb abide used intranstively, and another as it is used transitively. To break this down (and you can find more under the first hyperlink in this paragraph), abide used intransitively (i.e. with no direct object) means “to remain stable or fixed in a state” and “to continue in a place.” To put this another way, as The Stranger (played by Sam Elliot) says, in The Big Lebowski, “The Dude abides.” As a transitive verb (direct object required), abide means “to wait for,” “await,” “to endure without yielding,” “withstand,” “to bear patiently,” “tolerate,” and “to accept without objection.” The worksheet is keyed principally to the first two meanings, particularly “to bear patiently.” Camilla abides her dentist’s office waiting room.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

George Bernard Shaw on Art

“Without art, the crudeness of reality would make the world unbearable.”

George Bernard Shaw

Excerpted from: Winokur, Jon, ed. The Portable Curmudgeon. New York: Plume, 1992.

Common English Verbs Followed by an Infinitive: Fail

Finally, this morning, here is a worksheet on the verb fail when used with an infinitive. He fails to see the merit in this particular document.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.