Tag Archives: professional development

Term of Art: Sight Words

“sight words: Words that are recognized instantly, without using word attack skills. The larger the sight-word vocabulary, the more fluent the reading process. Sight words are frequently used words that make up the majority of the written text, such as the, just, bad, from and about. The Dolch List is a well-known compilation of the 220 most often used sight words that average learners should know by the end of third grade. When an individual has difficulty recognizing common words by sight, reading is slow and laborious.”

Excerpted from: Turkington, Carol, and Joseph R. Harris, PhD. The Encyclopedia of Learning Disabilities. New York: Facts on File, 2006.

Gordian Knot

“Gordian Knot: An intricate problem. Gordias, a peasant, was chosen king of Phyrgia, and dedicated his wagon to Zeus. The wagon yoke was fastened to a pole so cleverly that it was said that whoever undid the knot would reign over the empire or Asia. Alexander cut the know with a single stroke of his sword. Cutting the Gordian knot became proverbial for the decisive, bold completion of a complicated action.”

Excerpted from: Murphy, Bruce, ed. Benet’s Reader’s Encyclopedia, Fourth Edition. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.

Prospect Park South

“Neighborhood in northwestern Brooklyn (1990 pop. 28,991), covering sixty acres (twenty-four hectares) and bounded to the north by Church Avenue, to the east by the tracks of the “D” and “Q” subway lines, to the south by Beverley Road, and to the west by Coney Island Avenue. Once owned by the Dutch Reformed church of Flatbush, the area was developed in 1899 by Dean Alvord after the extension of rail service from Manhattan and downtown Brooklyn. He planned the neighborhood to resemble a spacious suburb, engaged John Aitkin to provide landscaping, and established stringent architectural standards. The houses are set back thirty feet (nine meters) from the sidewalk; many were built at the turn of the century in a variety of styles, including Georgian, Prairie, Queen Anne, Elizabethan, neo-Tudor, Pediment, Japanese, Colonial Revival, French Revival, and Mission. A strip of land eight feet (2.4 meters) wide lies between the street and the sidewalk for planting. The streets are lined with trees, and Buckingham and Albemarle roads have central planning malls. The neighborhood is upper middle class and the main commercial thoroughfares are Church and Coney Island avenues.

Excerpted from: Jackson, Kenneth T. The Encyclopedia of New York City. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1995.

Ditmas Park

“Neighborhood in west central Brooklyn (1990 population 12,719), bounded to the north by Dorchester Road, to the east by Ocean Avenue, to the south by Newkirk Avenue, and to the west by East 16th Street. It was modeled after the adjacent neighborhood of Prospect Park South by Lewis Pounds, who developed it in the early twentieth century. The Ditmas Park Association was formed in 1908 and enacted special zoning provisions to preserve the character of the neighborhood, which in 1987 was designated a Historic District. Ditmas Park is a middle-class neighborhood of 175 large, detached frame houses on tree-lined streets. Among its notable buildings are the parish house of the Flatbush Tompkins Congregational Church, the former Brown house (1000 Ocean Avenue) and the Community Temple Beth Ohr (1010 Ocean Avenue).

Excerpted from: Jackson, Kenneth T. The Encyclopedia of New York City. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1995.

Thomas Szasz on Adulthood

“Adulthood is the ever-shrinking period between childhood and old age. It is the apparent aim of modern industrial societies to reduce this period to a minimum.”

Thomas Szasz

Excerpted from: Winokur, Jon, ed. The Big Curmudgeon. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal, 2007.

Cognoscenti

“Cognoscenti (plural noun): Individuals having authoritative knowledge of a field or subject, especially in the arts; informed or expert specialists. Singular: cognoscente.

‘Some of the illustrations will be revelations even to the cognoscenti. The soaring drama of the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, Milan, for example, is an extraordinary fish-eye photo.’ J. Mourdant Crook, Times Literary Supplement.”

Excerpted from: Grambs, David. The Random House Dictionary for Writers and Readers. New York: Random House, 1990.

Theodore Sizer on the Message Kids Get

“Unchallenged kids get the message. If adults expect little of them, expect that they must be reminded, hectored, hassled, expect them to be goof-offs, then they will goof off. Of course, some people will goof off no matter what expectations are set. But teachers should assume the highest standard of performance until they are shown that it is not forthcoming. This is the proper start for each young person’s education. If that standard is substantial and persuasive–if it symbolizes the dignity of a demanding expectation–more often than not, adolescents rise to the occasion.”

Excerpted from: Sizer, Theodore. Horace’s Hope. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1996.

The Weekly Text, 21 July 2023: Styling Sentences Planning Documents

This week’s  Text begins another unit–a relatively long run of 16 posts, one on each Friday for the next 16 weeks.

Some years ago, while rifling through the book sections of Vermont thrift stores, I came upon a book by Robert M. Esch, Mary L. Wadell , and Roberta R. Walker called The Art of Styling Sentences: 20 Patterns for Success, Third Edition (Hauppage, NY: Barron’s Educational Series, 1993)–and please (!) be forewarned that if you click on that hyperlink, it will take you to a page where a PDF of the book will automatically download to your computer I grabbed it for future reference. The future arrived much sooner than I expected, as the next year I was charged with teaching writing to a once-weekly institute class at the high school in which I served.

So I started developing a unit based on this book. Over time, however, I began to doubt the efficacy of this material and shelved it for future reference. When the pandemic hit, I took another look at the unit, which began life as eight lessons, and revised and expanded it with some new, more directly relevant material. The result was a new, sixteen-lesson unit for relatively advanced writers.

The primary problems, as I saw it, was that the source material for the unit was not quite as strong as it needed to be. Also, the “patterns” the book prescribes are often complex and use vocabulary, mostly terms of art in grammar, that I wish high school students possess (and think they ought to, but that’s a different bone of contention) but in my experience do not. Furthermore, these lessons probably would be better described as work in developing a rhetorical style rather than simply composing sentences.

In any event, now that I’ve subjected you to an elaborate rationale, this week’s Text is the planning materials for this unit. Without further ado, here is the unit plan, the lesson plan template, and the worksheet template. If you look at the each lesson, you’ll see that students are called upon to master the use of colons and semicolons, so here is a learning support on colons and semicolons. Finally here is a bibliographic guide to the best writers’ reference books on the market. I have long been interested in grammar and linguistics–actually, I hope this blog makes that self-evident–and have reviewed every book on the list and can, if I have any credibility, vouch for their quality and effectiveness.

That said, I want to single out one volume for special praise, Grant Barrett’s Perfect English Grammar: The Indispensable Guide to Excellent Writing and Speaking (Berkeley: Zephyros Press, 2016). This is small paperback which plainly, therefore elegantly, explains points of grammar, punctuation, and style. It has become the one book I always go to for clarification or for deriving learning supports–of which there are many on this blog.

Stay tuned, please. There are 15 more posts in this series forthcoming.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Metope

Metope: Rectangular panel found alternating with triglyphs on the frieze if a Greek Doric entablature.

Excerpted from: Diamond, David G. The Bulfinch Pocket Dictionary of Art Terms. Boston: Little Brown, 1992.

Book of Answers: Christopher Isherwood and Cabaret

What work by Christopher Isherwood was the basis for the musical Cabaret (1968)? Cabaret was based on the play I Am a Camera (1951) by John Van Druten, which was in turn based on Isherwood’sSally Bowles,” a story appearing in Goodbye to Berlin. Isherwood lived in Berlin in the early 1930s.

Excerpted from: Corey, Melinda, and George Ochoa. Literature: The New York Public Library Book of Answers. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1993.