Tag Archives: diction/grammar/style/usage

Common Errors in English Usage: Hippy (adj), Hippie (n)

Here is a worksheet on differentiating the adjective hippy from the noun hippie. This is a full-page worksheet with a short reading on the words under study, five modified cloze exercises, and space for students to write five sentences from subject to period using either one of these words. For the record, hippy means “someone with wide hips,” whereas hippie means “a long-haired 60s flower child.” We old hippies will thank you for the proper use of these words.

To give credit where credit is due (which if you follow this blog, you’ll know I do compulsively), this material was adapted from Paul Brians’ book Common Errors in English Usage; amazingly, he allows unpaid access to the book at the Washington State University website.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Descriptive and Prescriptive Grammar

“Descriptive and Prescriptive Grammar: Contrasting terms in linguistics. A descriptive grammar is an account of a language that seeks to describe how it is used objectively, accurately, systematically, and comprehensively. A prescriptive grammar is an account of a language that sets out rules (prescriptions) for how it should be used and for what it should not be used (proscriptions), based on norms derived from a particular model of grammar. For English, such a grammar may prescribe I as in It is I and proscribe me as in It’s me. It may proscribe like used as a conjunction, as in He behaved like he was in charge, prescribing instead He behaved as if he were in charge. Prescriptive grammars have been criticized for not taking account of language change and stylistic variation, and for imposing the norms of some groups on all users of a language. They have been discussed by linguists as exemplifying specific attitudes to language and usage. Traditional grammar books have often, however, combined description and prescription. Since the late 1950s, it has become common in linguistics to contrast descriptive grammars with generative grammars. The former involve a description of linguistic structures, usually based on utterance elicited from native-speaking informants. The latter, introduced by Chomsky, concentrate on providing an explicit account of an ideal native speaker’s knowledge of language (competence) rather than a description of samples (performance). Chomsky argued that generative grammars are more valuable, since they capture the creative aspect of human linguistic ability. Linguists generally regard both approaches as complementary.”

Excerpted from: McArthur, Tom. The Oxford Concise Companion to the English Language. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.

Word Root Exercise: Gyr, Gyro

Here is a worksheet on the Greek word roots gyr and gyro. They mean, simply, circle. You’ll find these roots at the basis of words like gyroscope, gyro, and gyrate, which aren’t exactly high-frequency words in English. Nor are gyrocompass, autogiro, or spirogyra, which also grow from these roots. Still, if the book from which I drew both the inspiration and the content for word root worksheets is trustworthy, these are all words which will show up on the SAT and other high-stakes college and graduate school gatekeeping tests.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Cultural Literacy: Defense Mechanism

Here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on the defense mechanism as a psychological concept. This is a half-page worksheet with a three-sentence reading and three comprehension questions. The symmetry between reading and questions, if I say so myself, makes this a concise and therefore, I hope, effective document for building understanding of this simple but potent Freudian (the reading even mentions its origins in Freud’s work) concept.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Write It Right: Insignificant for Trivial, or Small

“Insignificant for Trivial, or Small. Insignificant means not signifying anything, and should be used only in contrast, expressed or implied, with something that is important for what it implies. The bear’s tail may be insignificant to a naturalist tracing the animal’s descent from an earlier species, but to the rest of us, not concerned with the matter, it is merely small.”

Excerpted from: Bierce, Ambrose. Write it Right: A Little Blacklist of Literary Faults. Mineola, NY: Dover, 2010.

Vulgar (adj)

Here is a context clues worksheet on the adjective vulgar. It means, in the context these sentences supply, “lacking in cultivation, perception, or taste,” “coarse,” “morally crude, undeveloped, or unregenerate,” and “gross.” I don’t recall using this in the classroom, but I remember vividly writing it the day after a former president mocked a disabled reporter.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

The Pentagon

Here is a reading on The Pentagon with its accompanying vocabulary-building and comprehension worksheet. I don’t know how much utility these documents carry, but I suspect that they would be best used with a student who has a particular interest in the topic. The reading is an informative summary on the building and its history, and is sufficiently up to date to include the attack on The Pentagon on September 11, 2001. Somehow, the editors of the Intellectual Devotional series fit all of that into a one-page text.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Farrago (n)

Here is a context clues worksheet on the noun farrago. It means “a confused mixture” and “hodgepodge.” I have to believe that this was a Word of the Day from Merriam-Webster during the pandemic lock-down, and, with little else to do, I wrote this. I guess I’ll add it to the growing, and therefore mildly embarrassing, list of words on this blog that students really don’t need to know.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Demonstrative Pronoun

“Demonstrative Pronoun: A pronoun that shows where something is in relation to the speaker and listener. Standard English has four demonstratives, paired and with number contrast; this/these here, that/those there. Some dialects have three (this, that, yon/yonder) and Scots has this, that, yon/yonder and its variant thon/thonder. The set of three are comparable to Latin hic this near me, iste, that near you, ille that over there. For some grammarians, the term covers the demonstratives however used; for others, demonstrative pronouns (‘I like that,’ Give me some of these’) are distinguished from demonstrative determiners (‘I like that one,’ ‘Who are these people?’).”

Excerpted from: McArthur, Tom. The Oxford Concise Companion to the English Language. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.

Common Errors in English Usage: His and Her’s

To depart from the Latin/Roman emphasis in this morning’s posts, here is a worksheet on the possessive pronouns his and her’s. This is essentially a document to remind students that one never uses an apostrophe with possessive pronouns–just the s without punctuation. This is full-page worksheet that has no structured (i.e. cloze) exercises, but rather calls upon student to compose extemporaneously a series of five sentences using possessive pronouns without apostrophes. This, like almost everything else on this site, is a Microsoft Word document. Therefore, you may alter it to your needs.

And, because giving credit where credit is due is an essential operating principle at Mark’s Text Terminal, let me say once more that this material was adapted from Paul Brians’ book Common Errors in English Usage, to which Professor Brians offers access without charge at the Washington State University website.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.