Monthly Archives: September 2023

Lake Titicaca

“Lake Titicaca: Lake, Peru-Bolivia border. The world’s highest navigable lake, it lies at 12,500 feet (3,810 meters) in the Andes. The second-largest lake of South America, it covers some 3,200 square miles (8,300 square kilometers) and is 120 miles (190 kilometers) long by 50 miles (80 kilometers) wide. A narrow strait separates it into two bodies of water which have 41 islands, some densely populated. The remains of one of the oldest American civilizations have been found in the area. Temple ruins on Titicaca Island mark the spot where the legendary founders of the Inca were sent down to the earth by the sun.”

Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

Cultural Literacy: Bolivia

Continuing with this blog’s underwhelming–for which I apologize profusely–observance of Hispanic Heritage Month 2023, here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on Bolivia. This is a full-page document with a reading of four sentences and nine comprehension questions. The asymmetry of this worksheet may require some explanation.

The first sentence in this reading situates Bolivia in continental South America with a series; that series could easily be broken up and turned into four separate, easier-to-use independent clauses. The next sentence is a compound separated by a semicolon. In other words, another sentence you might consider breaking up and turning into two separate independent clauses. The second two sentences are clear in their declarations, and should be easy for emergent readers and English language learners to process. I wrote nine comprehension questions because I decided to take the facts in the reading one at a time, which I suppose is how I imagine readers will take them.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Gabriela Mistral

“Gabriela Mistral originally Luclila Godoy Alcayaga: (1889-1957) Chilean poet. Mistral combined writing with a career as a cultural minister and diplomat, and as a professor in the U.S. Her reputation as a poet was established in 1914 when she won a prize for “Sonetos de la Muerte” (“Sonnets of Death”). Her passionate lyrics, with love of children and of the downtrodden as principal themes, are collected in such volumes as Desolacion (1922), Tala (1938), and Lagar (1954. In 1945 she became the first Latin American woman to win the Nobel Prize.”

Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

The Weekly Text, 22 September 2023: Styling Sentences Lesson 9, A Single Modifier Out of Place for Emphasis

Here is the ninth lesson plan of the Styling Sentences Unit. This one, as heralded above, aims to assist students in writing a sentence with a single modifier out of place for emphasis.

I use this Cultural Literacy worksheet on the oxymoron as a rhetorical device as the opener for this lesson; this is half-page worksheet with a reading of one sentence that is two clauses separated by a colon. On one side of the colon is the explanation of oxymorons, on the other an example of an oxymoron in quotes. Finally, here is the worksheet with explanatory and mentor texts that is the work of this lesson. This is largely unsupported instruction: the worksheet presents only mentor texts, after which students will model their own sentences in this form. I’ve developed no sentence stems or cloze exercises for this material. If you do, could you let me know?

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Bogota

“Bogota: city, capital of Colombia. The District Capital area is officially known as Santafe de Bogota. It lies on a plateau east of the Andes, European settlement began in 1538 when Spanish conquistadores overran Bacata, the main seat of the Chibcha Indians; the name was soon corrupted to Bogota, It became the capital of the viceroyalty of New Granada and a center of Spanish colonial power in South America. It was the scene of a revolt against Spanish rule in 1810-11, and Simon Bolivar took the city in 1819. It became the capital of the confederation of Gran Colombia; when that was dissolved in 1830, it remained the capital of New Granada (later, Republic of Colombia). Today Bogota is an industrial, educational, and cultural center.”

Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

Cultural Literacy: Cuban Missile Crisis

Finally this morning, here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on the Cuban Missile Crisis. This is a full-page worksheet with a reading of four sentences with four comprehension questions. I would submit this caveat: the first sentence in the reading is a longish compound separated by a semicolon which might be too much for emergent readers and English language learners. But, as this document is formatted in Microsoft Word, you can adjust it to your students’ needs.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Tomas Carrasquilla

“Tomas Carrasquilla: (1858-1940) Colombian novelist and writer of short stories, novellas, and cuadros de costumbres. Born in the Andean department of Antioquia, Carrasquilla is first and foremost the painter of Colombian provincial life. His masterpiece is La Marquesa de Yolombo (1926), Set in the late 18th century, it is the story of the energetic dona Barbara Caballero, whose adventures and misadventures are symbolic of the conflicts between colonial Nueva Grande and imperial Spain. Other works include Frutos de me tierra (1896), a realistic novel, and Hace tiempo (193637), as well as numerous short stories and folk tales.”

Excerpted from: Murphy, Bruce, ed. Benet’s Reader’s Encyclopedia, Fourth Edition. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.

Cultural Literacy: Chicanos

Here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on Chicanos, which does a particularly nice job of describing the origins of this proper noun, its use, and the extent to which the words Latino and Latina–or Latinx if you prefer, though that term is of sufficiently recent coinage that it does not appear in the reading–correlate with this word. This is a half-page worksheet with a two-sentence reading and two comprehension questions. Simple and symmetrical, this is a decent, brief introduction to a word Americans really ought to know, understand, and be able to use properly, and therefore respectfully.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Bernardo O’Higgins

“Bernardo O’Higgins: (1776?-1842) South American revolutionary leader and first Chilean head of state (1817-23). The illegitimate son of a Spanish officer of Irish origin, he was educated in Peru, Spain, and England, where his Chilean nationalism was awakened. When Napoleon invaded Spain (1808) and Spanish control of Chile relaxed, he became a member of Chile’s new congress. He led the defensive forces when Chile was invaded by royalists from Peru in 1814; defeated, he fled to Argentina, He returned in 1817 with Jose de San Martin and defeated the Spanish. Elected supreme director of Chile, he established a working governmental organization, but his reforms antagonized conservatives and he resigned.”

Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

The Weekly Text, 15 September 2023: Styling Sentences Lesson 8, Introductory or Concluding Participles

Today marks the beginning of Hispanic Heritage Month 2023, which continues to 15 October. With considerable chagrin, I now report that I have nothing substantial to post as Weekly Texts in observance this month: I understand (and this has a great deal to do with Hispanic students at my school reporting that they often feel unnoticed) that I need to develop more materials for my students and this blog. Last year, while developing and teaching a sociology course, I began a unit on the Zoot Suit Riots, a race riot in Los Angeles provoked by the Sleepy Lagoon murder and perpetrated by U.S. servicemen. I do have a sizeable inventory of short exercises–Cultural Literacy worksheets–that I can and will post during the month, as well as plenty of quotes to publish.

So, this week’s Text is the eighth lesson plan of the Styling Sentences Unit, this one on sentence forms featuring an introductory or concluding participle. This lesson opens with this Cultural Literacy worksheet on irregular verbs. Finally, here is the worksheet with explanatory and mentor texts that is the primary work of this lesson. Please take note that this document contains no supported content, i.e. no sentence stems or cloze exercises. Students use mentor texts to model their own sentences in this form.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.