Tag Archives: professional development

Lake Titicaca

“Lake Titicaca: Lake, Peru-Bolivia border. The world’s highest navigable lake, it lies at 12,500 feet (3,810 meters) in the Andes. The second-largest lake of South America, it covers some 3,200 square miles (8,300 square kilometers) and is 120 miles (190 kilometers) long by 50 miles (80 kilometers) wide. A narrow strait separates it into two bodies of water which have 41 islands, some densely populated. The remains of one of the oldest American civilizations have been found in the area. Temple ruins on Titicaca Island mark the spot where the legendary founders of the Inca were sent down to the earth by the sun.”

Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

Gabriela Mistral

“Gabriela Mistral originally Luclila Godoy Alcayaga: (1889-1957) Chilean poet. Mistral combined writing with a career as a cultural minister and diplomat, and as a professor in the U.S. Her reputation as a poet was established in 1914 when she won a prize for “Sonetos de la Muerte” (“Sonnets of Death”). Her passionate lyrics, with love of children and of the downtrodden as principal themes, are collected in such volumes as Desolacion (1922), Tala (1938), and Lagar (1954. In 1945 she became the first Latin American woman to win the Nobel Prize.”

Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

Bogota

“Bogota: city, capital of Colombia. The District Capital area is officially known as Santafe de Bogota. It lies on a plateau east of the Andes, European settlement began in 1538 when Spanish conquistadores overran Bacata, the main seat of the Chibcha Indians; the name was soon corrupted to Bogota, It became the capital of the viceroyalty of New Granada and a center of Spanish colonial power in South America. It was the scene of a revolt against Spanish rule in 1810-11, and Simon Bolivar took the city in 1819. It became the capital of the confederation of Gran Colombia; when that was dissolved in 1830, it remained the capital of New Granada (later, Republic of Colombia). Today Bogota is an industrial, educational, and cultural center.”

Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

Tomas Carrasquilla

“Tomas Carrasquilla: (1858-1940) Colombian novelist and writer of short stories, novellas, and cuadros de costumbres. Born in the Andean department of Antioquia, Carrasquilla is first and foremost the painter of Colombian provincial life. His masterpiece is La Marquesa de Yolombo (1926), Set in the late 18th century, it is the story of the energetic dona Barbara Caballero, whose adventures and misadventures are symbolic of the conflicts between colonial Nueva Grande and imperial Spain. Other works include Frutos de me tierra (1896), a realistic novel, and Hace tiempo (193637), as well as numerous short stories and folk tales.”

Excerpted from: Murphy, Bruce, ed. Benet’s Reader’s Encyclopedia, Fourth Edition. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.

Bernardo O’Higgins

“Bernardo O’Higgins: (1776?-1842) South American revolutionary leader and first Chilean head of state (1817-23). The illegitimate son of a Spanish officer of Irish origin, he was educated in Peru, Spain, and England, where his Chilean nationalism was awakened. When Napoleon invaded Spain (1808) and Spanish control of Chile relaxed, he became a member of Chile’s new congress. He led the defensive forces when Chile was invaded by royalists from Peru in 1814; defeated, he fled to Argentina, He returned in 1817 with Jose de San Martin and defeated the Spanish. Elected supreme director of Chile, he established a working governmental organization, but his reforms antagonized conservatives and he resigned.”

Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

Rotten Reviews: A John O’Hara Omnibus

Sermons and Soda-Water

“The novellas represent no change in Mr. O’Hara’s method. He normally puts everything into a novel, including the kitchen sink complete with stopped drain, plumber, and plumber’s mate, and does this not once, but four or five times per book. The novella form has merely limited the author in a statistical way; one kitchen sink is all he can fit into his predetermined space…

Atlantic Monthly

 The Big Laugh

When O’Hara is good he is very, very good; when he is bad he is writing for Hollywood…an exercise in tedium.”

New York Herald Tribune

The Horse Knows the Way

“One might suggest…that the inhabitants of hell be condemned to an eternity reading stories behind the headlines in American tabloids….John O’Hara’s new collection of short stories brings the whole realm uncomfortably close. It is a punishment to read….”

Excerpted from: Barnard, Andre, and Bill Henderson, eds. Pushcart’s Complete Rotten Reviews and Rejections. Wainscott, NY: Pushcart Press, 1998.   

Vowel

“vowel: Speech sound in which air from the lungs passes through the mouth with minimal obstruction and without audible friction like the f in fit. The word also refers to a letter representing such a sound (a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y). In articulatory phonetics (see articulation), vowels are classified by tongue and lip position; for example, high vowels like the i in machine and the u in flute are both pronounced with the tongue arched high in the mouth, but in u the lips are also rounded. Single vowel sounds are monophthongs; two vowel sounds pronounced as one syllable, like the ou in round, are diphthongs.”

Excerpted/Adapted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

Colloquial

“Colloquial (adjective): Describing words or expressions common to language as it is spoken or to writing intended to be naturally conversational in effect; informal, rather than elevated; involving or characteristic of conversation. Adverb: colloquially; Noun: colloquiality, colloquialness, colloquialist; Verb: colloquialize.”

Excerpted from: Grambs, David. The Random House Dictionary for Writers and Readers. New York: Random House, 1990.

Term of Art: Systematic Instruction

“systematic instruction: A teaching approach that identifies the specific steps needed to teach a given lesson. Systematic instruction includes clear objectives describing the content to be learned, detailed strategies to teach that content, and diagnostic assessments to determine whether students have mastered the content. See also Direct Instruction (DI).”

Excerpted from: Ravitch, Diane. EdSpeak: A Glossary of Education Terms, Phrases, Buzzwords, and Jargon. Alexandria, VA: ASCD, 2007.

Jeanne Chall on Key Differences Between Teacher-Centered and Student-Centered Instruction 16: Should Schools Focus on Affect and Motivation or Knowledge and the Intellect?

“Teacher-Centered: The emphasis of the school should be on the intellect—on academic learning. This does not mean that motivation and affect are ignored; it means that the major focus of schools should be on academic learning, and that motivation and affect are important only as they influence academic learning.

Student-Centered: The emphasis is on affect and motivation, with less emphasis on what is learned. In order for students to learn math and science, certain programs may be preferred because students find them more interesting and exciting.”

Excerpted from: Chall, Jeanne S. The Academic Achievement Challenge: What Really Works in the Classroom? New York: The Guilford Press, 2002.