Tag Archives: professional development

Mary Wollstonecraft

“Mary Wollstonecraft: (1759-1797) English writer. She taught school and worked as a governess and for a London publisher. In 1797 she married William Godwin; she died days after the birth of their daughter, Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, that same year, at the age of 38. She is noted as a passionate advocate of educational and social equality for women. Her early Thoughts on the Education of Daughters (1787) foreshadowed her mature work on the place of women in society. A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792), whose core is a plea for equality of education between men and women. The Vindication is widely regarded as the founding document of modern feminism.”

Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

Martha Argerich

“Martha Argerich: (born 1941) Argentine pianist. A prodigy, she began concertizing before she was 10. She went to Europe in 1955, where her teachers included Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli (1920-1995). She won the Busoni and Geneva competitions at 16m and the Chopin competition in 1965. The exceptionally brilliant technique, emotional depth, and elan displayed in the Romantic works in which she specializes have won her perhaps the most enthusiastic international following of any pianist in the world.”

­­­­­­­­­Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

Jeanette Rankin Votes Against the Declaration of War in 1917

“[Casting her vote against the U.S. declaration entering World War I, 1917:] I want to stand by my country, but I cannot vote for war. I vote no.”

Quoted in Hannah Josephson, Jeanette Rankin: First Lady in Congress (1974)

Excerpted from: Schapiro, Fred, ed. The Yale Book of Quotations. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006.

Margery Allingham

“Margery (Louise) Allingham: (1904-1966) British detective story writer. She published her first story at 8, her first novel at 19, and her first detective story in her early 20s. Her stories about the fictional detective about the fictional detective Albert Campion became very popular, and such novels as Tiger in the Smoke (1952) and The China Governess (1962), with their intellectual style and psychological insight, helped win detective fiction consideration as a serious literary genre.”

­­­­­­­­­Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

Sandra Day O’Conner

“Sandra Day O’Connor originally Sandra Day (b.1930) U.S. jurist. Born in El Paso, Texas, she studied law at Stanford University, graduating first in her class, and entered private practice in Arizona. She served as an assistant state attorney general (1965-69) before being elected in 1969 to the state senate, where she became the first woman in the U.S. to hold the position of majority leader (1972-74). After serving on the superior court of Maricopa County and the state court of appeals, she was nominated in 1981 by President Ronald Reagan to the U.S. Supreme Court and became the first female justice in the Court’s history. She proved to be a moderate and pragmatic conservative who sometimes sided with the Court’s liberal minority on social issues (e.g. abortion rights). She is known for dispassionate and meticulously researched opinions.”

­­­­­­­­­Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

Hortense Callisher

“Hortense Calisher: (1911-2009) American novelist and short-story writer. Calisher’s first, partly autobiographical, stories appeared in The New Yorker. Many of her early stories featured Hester Elkin and her large Jewish family living in New York City. Her most frequently anthologized story, ‘In Greenwich, There Are Many Gravelled Walks’ (1951), focuses on a man, his loneliness, and a final promise of companionship. The full range of her short fiction is contained in Collected Stories (1975). Apart from the facts that she is an acknowledged master of style and that her work offers intricately drawn insights into her characters, Calisher’s writing defies easy classification. Characters in her first novel, False Entry (1961), reappear in an entirely different context in The New Yorkers (1969). Both Journal from Ellipsia (1965) and Queenie (1971) contain spoofs of American sexual mores, the former by presenting alternatives from another planet, the latter through the eyes of an ‘old-fashioned girl.’ Other novels include Texture of Life (1963), On Keeping Women (1977), and In the Palace of the Movie King (1993). In 1988, Calisher published a volume of memoirs, Kissing Cousins.”

Excerpted from: Murphy, Bruce, ed. Benet’s Reader’s Encyclopedia, Fourth Edition. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.

Harold Washington

Harold Washington: (1922-1987) U.S. politician and mayor of Chicago (1983-87). Born in Chicago, he practiced law and served as a city attorney 1954-58). He was elected successively to the Illinois legislature (1965-78), state senate (1976-80), and U.S. House of Representatives (1980-83). After a hard-fought campaign for reform and an end to city patronage, he was elected mayor of Chicago, becoming the first black to hold that office. He was elected to a second term in 1987, but died soon after.

Excerpted/Adapted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

Bernard Coard on Ill-Conceived Assessments

“In a study done in London, epileptic children were given an IQ test. Their teachers, not knowing the result of the test, were then asked to give their assessment of the children’s intelligence by stating whether the child was ‘average’, ‘above average’, ‘well above average’, etcetera, from their knowledge of each child. It is important to mention at this state that epileptic children suffer a lot of prejudice directed against them by the general society, similar to that Black children face—but obviously not as great. Teachers also tend to think of them as being less intelligent than ordinary children—again similar to what the Black child faces.

In 28 cases, the teachers seriously underestimated the child’s true ability. That means that a quarter of the children were wrongly assessed! In one case, a thirteen-year-old girl with an IQ of 120 (which is university level!) had failed her 11+ examination and was in the ‘D’ stream of a secondary modern school. Her teacher considered that she was of ‘below average’ intelligence! (Average intelligence= 100.) Another child with family problems and very low income got an IQ score of 132 (which is exceedingly high). Her teachers, however, all rated her as ‘low-stream’ material.”

Excerpted from: Coard, Bernard. How the West Indian Child Is Made Educationally Sub-Normal in the British School System: 50th Anniversary Expanded Fifth Edition. Kingston, Jamaica: McDermott Publishing, 2021.

Langston Hughes Famously Reflects on Dreams

“Hold fast to dreams

For if dreams die

Life is a broken-winged bird

That cannot fly.”

“Dreams” l. 1 (1929)

Excerpted from: Schapiro, Fred, ed. The Yale Book of Quotations. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006.

Denmark Vesey

“Denmark Vesey: (1767?-1822) U.S. insurrectionist. Born in the West Indies, he was sold to a Bermuda slaver captain, with whom he sailed on numerous voyages. They settled in Charleston, South Carolina, and Vesey was allowed to purchase his freedom for $600 in 1800. After reading antislavery literature, he determined to relieve the oppression of slaves. He organized city and plantation blacks (up to 9,000 by some estimates) for an uprising in which they would attack arsenals, seize the arms, kill all whites, burn Charleston, and free the slaves on surrounding plantations. After a house servant warned the authorities, the insurrection was forestalled and 130 blacks were arrested; Vesey was tried and hanged with 35 others.”

Excerpted/Adapted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.