Tag Archives: fiction/literature

Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937)

A novel by Zora Neale Hurston, acclaimed as her finest. Now considered a classic in feminist literature, it relates the story of one woman’s odyssey ‘to the horizon and back’ in search of fulfillment and freedom. Hurston, an anthropologist and a leading figure in the Harlem Renaissance, uses black oral tradition and folklore, and centers the work in all-black settings. She focuses on love relationships and the strengths of African-American cultural practices, rather than racial protest. Ultimately, the story of Janie Starks’s quest is a universal one. Its lessons are about love, the efficacy of black folkways, and holding fast to one’s personal vision and value.”

Excerpted from: Murphy, Bruce, ed. Benet’s Reader’s Encyclopedia, Fourth Edition. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.

Joyce Carol Oates on What Binds Us Together

“For what links us are elemental experiences—emotions—forces that have no intrinsic language and must be imagined as art if they are to be contemplated at all.”

Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? Afterward (1993)

Excerpted from: Shapiro, Fred, ed. The Yale Book of Quotations. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006.

Iris Murdoch (1919-1999)

“Irish-born novelist and philosopher. Murdoch’s novels are noted for intricacy of plot and character, psychological penetration, and subtlety of style, with a with that changes from recondite irony to the crazily comic. Their structure is elaborate and unrealistic, often concerning a group of characters who become involved with each other through a complex network of love affairs. People’s need for love and freedom are explored as part of their greater need to affirm their own reality. In Under the Net (1954), The Bell (1958), and An Unofficial Rose (1962), the twin philosophical questions are posed: how free can man be and how much can he know himself? Among her many works are the novels The Flight from the Enchanter (1956), The Sandcastle (1961), A Severed Head (1961), The Unicorn (1963), An Accidental Man (1972), Henry and Cato (1972), The Sea, the Sea (1978; Booker Prize for literature), and Nuns and Soldiers (1980), as well as a study of Sartre, Romantic Rationalist (1953), and The Fire and the Sun (1977), a discussion of Plato’s aesthetic theory. Her later novels are The Philosopher’s Pupil (1982), The Good Apprentice (1985), and The Message of the Planet (1989). In 1987 Murdoch was made a Dame of the British Empire.”

Excerpted from: Murphy, Bruce, ed. Benet’s Reader’s Encyclopedia, Fourth Edition. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.

Dorothy Parker, Famously, on Contemporary Fiction

[In book review] “This is not a book that should be set aside lightly. It should be thrown with great force.”

Quoted in The Algonquin Wits, ed. Robert E. Drennan (1968)

Excerpted from: Shapiro, Fred, ed. The Yale Book of Quotations. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006.

Cultural Literacy: The Muses

On a Tuesday morning, here is a Cultural Literacy exercise on the muses, those goddesses of cultural inspiration from ancient Greece.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Anna Akhmatova (1888-1966)

“Pen name of Anna Andreyevna Gorenko, Russian poet. In her youth Akhmatova was strongly influenced by both the French and Russian symbolists. In 1903, she met the poet Gumilev, who included one of her poems in the journal Sirius, which he published in Paris. Akhmatova and Gumilev were married in 1910, and were divorced in 1913. In 1911, Akhmatova became secretary of the Guild of Poets, organized by Gumilev and Gorodetsky.

Akhmatova’s first book, Vecher (Evening, 1912), is notable for its detail and clarity; her unmistakable feminine voice and her beautiful love lyrics won her attention from Russian readers. Also in 1912, the Acmeist literary group formed, and Akhmatova became one of its most prominent members. Her second book of poem, Chetki (Rosary, 1914), made her one of the most popular poetesses of her time. Beginning with her third book of verse, Belaya staya (The White Flock, 1917), Akhmatova’s poetic image changed from that of a contemporary poet who tells of an unhappy love to that of a poet who issues from the tradition of Russian classical verse. In the early 1920s, two more collections of Akhmatova’s poetry appeared—Porodozhnik (Plantain, 1921) and Anno Domini (1922). After that, it became difficult for Akhmatova to publish her poetry. The Soviet government disapproved of her apolitical themes, highly personal love lyrics, and religious motifs, consider her a poet alien to the new order. During this period, she wrote a number of scholarly articles and pieces about Pushkin. In connection with the mass repressions and those of her son and second husband, Akhmatova wrote the long poem Requiem,‘ which was never published in full in Soviet Russia. From 1940 to 1965, Akhmatova worked on her long poem ‘Poema bez geroya’ (translated Poem Without a Hero, 1973), which is dedicated to the second decade of 20th-century Russian culture, the Petersburg Silver Age. In 1946, there began a new round of round of repressions and Akhmatova, along with [Mikhail] Zoshchenko, was the subject of harsh attacks by the Soviet cultural authorities.

With the onset of the thaw under Khrushchev, Akhmatova was again able to publish. During this period she was at the center of a group of young poets, including [Joseph] Brodsky, and was recognized for her contributions to Russian literary culture. Of particular interest are [Lidia] Chukovskaya’s multivolume reminiscences about Akhmatova, Zapiski ob Anna Akhmatova (1967; translated The Akhmatova Journals, 1994). Many translations of Akhmatova’s poetry exist, including The Complete Poems of Anna Akhmatova (1992), translated by Stanley Kunitz and Max Hayward.”

Murphy, Bruce, ed. Benet’s Reader’s Encyclopedia, Fourth Edition. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.

Cultural Literacy: Toni Morrison

Monday has rolled around once again. I can’t think of a better way to start the week than to offer you this Cultural Literacy exercise on Toni Morrison.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Women’s History Month 2018 Begins Today: A Reading and Comprehension Worksheet on Zora Neale Hurston

Today begins Women’s History Month 2018. Like last month for Black History Month, every post on Mark’s Text Terminal during March will be related to the history of women and their myriad contributions to and achievements in our global civilization. So, you’ll see two posts a day, five days a week here until Saturday, March 31st. We are at a moment in women’s history in which peril and opportunity best describe women’s position in the United States. Peril because the President of the United States is evidently a militant misogynist, and the vice president is a theocrat right out of Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale; opportunity because these politicians have provoked a backlash that, happily, may well be be their undoing.

Clearly, the Me Too Movement is an encouraging development. So too are the courageous women Time magazine has called the “Silence Breakers.” That all of this began because women somehow got the crazy idea that they should be able to attend a business meeting without looking at the exposed genitals of powerful men like Harvey Weinstein and his ilk seems ordinary enough to me, but it has been hailed as something of a miracle. Whatever: I thank them for their witness and testimony

That said, these are grim days. Voters in the United States have elected a man who is vain, prideful, ignorant, misogynistic, willing not only to boast to a dimwitted talk-show host (who himself is a a scion of the family that produced two of our least distinguished presidents) about sexually assaulting women on the strength of his “celebrity” status, but has also paid off a porn star to conceal the evidence of philandering from his third wife, who presents problems of her own, not the least of which is her–and her parents–dubious arrival in this country,  which goes some length to expose the president’s hypocrisy on immigration.

(Aside: it seems to me, that Protestant Evangelicals who have overlooked Trump’s three marriages, and his payment to Stormy Daniels, and possibly a payment to a Playboy magazine model named Karen McDougal, have a lot of hypocrisy and moral blindness of their own to answer for.)

The overall misogyny of the Republican Party, coupled with its tacit encouragement of the craziest loose cannons in its ranks, has led to attacks on Planned Parenthood both in word and in deed. I’m a longtime supporter of Planned Parenthood (and I think you should be too). By any measure to which I am prepared to stipulate, attacks on Planned Parenthood, a provider of healthcare for some of the most impoverished and vulnerable women in our nation, are, in my absolutely humility-free estimation, an attack on women everywhere.

For many years, I have naively considered a number of issues in human affairs essentially settled. For example, after the Enlightenment, I take as a given that the scientific method–you know, the controversial act of backing arguments with evidence to prove them–was the sine qua non of inquiry. Yet now on an almost daily basis, demagogues (and yes, they are mostly if not entirely Republicans) seek to undermine the legitimacy of science and the means by which it establishes facts. Similarly, after the the feminisms of the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, I assumed that a woman’s right to control her destiny, particularly in terms of her own reproductive system, was settled.

Yet here we are, in 2018, still listening to garbage like this, uttered by people delightfully unencumbered by decency or shame. I could supply a lot more quotes from low-watt Republicans that diminish and disrespect women, but I’d be here all morning copying and pasting links–not to mention exposing my tender consciousness to some of the most aggressively stupid and vicious rhetoric currently on offer in the American marketplace of “ideas.” So I’ll take a hard pass on that.

So, let’s begin Women’s History Month 2018 with this Cultural Literacy worksheet on Zora Neale Hurston, who serves as a perfect conjunction between Black History Month and Women’s History Month. Tomorrow I’ll post a more substantial Weekly Text, as I will on each Friday this month.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Cultural Literacy: Chinua Achebe

It’s Monday morning, and here in New York City we’re just back from the Presidents’ Day Week break. Here, to start of the week–and post the first of the final three entries for Black History Month 2018–is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on Chinua Achebe.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Chester Himes, 1909-1984

American novelist. Himes began writing while serving in Ohio State Penitentiary for armed robbery. His account of the terrible 1930 Penitentiary Fire that killed over three hundred men appeared in Esquire in 1932. From his first novel, If He Hollers Let Him Go (1945), Himes dealt consistently with the social and psychological burdens of being black in a white society. The Third Generation (1954) is an ambitious fictionalized history of oppression from the time of slavery to the mid-20th century. Beginning in 1953, Himes lived as an expatriate in Spain and France, where he met and was strongly influenced by Richard Wright. It was in France that he began his best-known series of novels—including Cotton Comes to Harlem (1965) and Run Man Run (1966)—featuring the two Harlem policemen Grave Digger Jones and Coffin Ed Johnson. As with Himes’s earlier work, the series is characterized by violence and grisly, sardonic humor. The Quality of Hurt (1972) and My Life of Absurdity (1976) are autobiographies.”

Excerpted from: Murphy, Bruce, ed. Benet’s Reader’s Encyclopedia, Fourth Edition. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.