“Mezzotint: A process of intaglio engraving commonly practiced in the 18th century to reproduce the tonal effects of painting. A metal plate, usually copper or steel, is roughened with a rocking tool which makes indentations and raises a burr. The burr is scraped away where lighter tones in the design are desired.”
Excerpted from: Diamond, David G. The Bulfinch Pocket Dictionary of Art Terms. Boston: Little Brown, 1992.
“Neighborhood in northwestern Brooklyn (1990 pop. 28,991), covering sixty acres (twenty-four hectares) and bounded to the north by Church Avenue, to the east by the tracks of the “D” and “Q” subway lines, to the south by Beverley Road, and to the west by Coney Island Avenue. Once owned by the Dutch Reformed church of Flatbush, the area was developed in 1899 by Dean Alvord after the extension of rail service from Manhattan and downtown Brooklyn. He planned the neighborhood to resemble a spacious suburb, engaged John Aitkin to provide landscaping, and established stringent architectural standards. The houses are set back thirty feet (nine meters) from the sidewalk; many were built at the turn of the century in a variety of styles, including Georgian, Prairie, Queen Anne, Elizabethan, neo-Tudor, Pediment, Japanese, Colonial Revival, French Revival, and Mission. A strip of land eight feet (2.4 meters) wide lies between the street and the sidewalk for planting. The streets are lined with trees, and Buckingham and Albemarle roads have central planning malls. The neighborhood is upper middle class and the main commercial thoroughfares are Church and Coney Island avenues.
Excerpted from: Jackson, Kenneth T. The Encyclopedia of New York City. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1995.
“Neighborhood in west central Brooklyn (1990 population 12,719), bounded to the north by Dorchester Road, to the east by Ocean Avenue, to the south by Newkirk Avenue, and to the west by East 16th Street. It was modeled after the adjacent neighborhood of Prospect Park South by Lewis Pounds, who developed it in the early twentieth century. The Ditmas Park Association was formed in 1908 and enacted special zoning provisions to preserve the character of the neighborhood, which in 1987 was designated a Historic District. Ditmas Park is a middle-class neighborhood of 175 large, detached frame houses on tree-lined streets. Among its notable buildings are the parish house of the Flatbush Tompkins Congregational Church, the former Brown house (1000 Ocean Avenue) and the Community Temple Beth Ohr (1010 Ocean Avenue).
Excerpted from: Jackson, Kenneth T. The Encyclopedia of New York City. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1995.
Metope: Rectangular panel found alternating with triglyphs on the frieze if a Greek Doric entablature.
Excerpted from: Diamond, David G. The Bulfinch Pocket Dictionary of Art Terms. Boston: Little Brown, 1992.
“Metier: A particular subject in which an artist specializes.”
Excerpted from: Diamond, David G. The Bulfinch Pocket Dictionary of Art Terms. Boston: Little Brown, 1992.
“Metal Cut: A relief process for producing prints which differ from woodcut mainly in the use of a metal plate rather than a block of wood. Introduced about 1500, metal cut never found wide use.”
Excerpted from: Diamond, David G. The Bulfinch Pocket Dictionary of Art Terms. Boston: Little Brown, 1992.
“Matte Surface: A dull, flat surface without gloss.”
Excerpted from: Diamond, David G. The Bulfinch Pocket Dictionary of Art Terms. Boston: Little Brown, 1992.
“Judy Chicago originally Judy Cohen: (b.1939) U.S. multimedia artist. She studied at CULA, and in 1970 she adopted the name of her hometown. Motivated by perceived discrimination in the art world and alienation from Western art traditions, she developed the concepts of ‘vaginal iconography’ and ‘central core’ imagery. Her most memorable work, The Dinner Party (1974-79), is a triangular table with place settings for 39 important women represented by ceramic plates with feminine imagery and table runners embellished with embroidery styles typical of their eras. In 1973 she cofounded the Feminist Studio Workshop and Woman’s Building in Los Angeles.”
Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.
For the third Friday of Women’s History Month 2023, here is a reading on Florence Nightingale along with its accompanying vocabulary-building and comprehension worksheet.
Incidentally, have you read Eminent Victorians by Lytton Strachey? It was one of the long-neglected books on my reading list that I finally got to while under COVID-19 quarantine. I confess that I didn’t fully understand the book. I imagine the context of its time–it was first published in 1918–might have helped. The book itself, I gather, was a departure from the biographical conventions in the time in that it took a critical look at its subjects, including Florence Nightingale, rather then reciting a list of achievements that became, in their aggregation, a kind of hagiography. A rereading of the book would no doubt repay my effort. At the moment, though, I think I would prefer simply to watch Jonathan Pryce’s portrayal of Lytton Strachey himself in the fine film Carrington, about the painter Dora Carrington–like Strachey a member of the Bloomsbury Group.
If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.
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