Monthly Archives: September 2023

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

“Antonio (Lopez de) Santa Anna: (1794-1876) Soldier and several times president of Mexico (1833-36, 1844-45, 1847, 1853-55). He fought on both sides of nearly every issue of the day. He is famous for his glorious victories, including his thwarting of Spain’s attempt to reconquer Mexico (1829), and for his ignominious failures, including his defeat and capture by Sam Houston and San Jacinto in the Texas revolt (1836). When the Mexican War broke out, he contacted President James Polk to broker a peace, but on arriving in Mexico he led Mexican forces against the U.S. (1846-47) and was driven into exile. When Maximilian was made emperor of Mexico, Santa Anna offered his services both to Maximilian and to his opponents; neither side accepted. He lived abroad 1855-74, finally returning to Mexico to die in poverty. See also Alamo, caudillo, La Reforma.”

Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

The Weekly Text, 6 October 2023: Styling Sentences Lesson 11, Paired Constructions

This week’s Text, you won’t be surprised to see or hear if you follow this blog, is the tenth lesson plan of the Styling Sentences Unit, this one on paired constructions.

I begin this lesson with this worksheet on parsing sentences for nouns. The centerpiece of this lesson is this worksheet with explanatory and mentor texts. Once again, I want to note that this document does not include any supported work in the way of sentence stems or cloze exercises. This particular sentence structure lends itself to that kind of support, and when next I use this material (if ever), I may well end up developing this work further in that direction.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Belo Horizonte

“Belo Horizonte: City, eastern Brazil. Capital of Minas Gerais state, it lies on the western slope of the Serra do Espinhaco, at an elevation of 2,811 teen (857 meters). The site was chosen in the late 19th century to accommodate expansions that the former capital could not. Brazil’s first planned city, it was laid out on a radiating pattern following the models of Washington, D.C. and La Plata, Argentina. It is the hub of a large agricultural region and the area’s commercial and industrial center.”

Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

Cultural Literacy: Buenos Aires

Here, at the end of this morning’s labors, is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on Buenos Aires. This is a half-page document with a reading of three sentences, each of them longish compounds, and three comprehension questions. When I opened this document to prepare it for publication here, it was formatted as a full-page document. I’ve revised it to a half-page. However, if you need to break up some of these compound sentences into shorter, independent clauses, for a diverse group of readers, then you will probably need to write some more questions–and therefore return this worksheet to a full page.

Have I mentioned that this, like most documents you will find on Mark’s Text Terminal, is formatted in Microsoft Word for ease of revision and adaptation? Of course I have; forgive me for belaboring the point.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Jorge Carrera Andrade

“Jorge Carrera Andrade: (1903-1978) Ecuadorian poet and essayist. A well-traveled diplomat and anthropologist. Carrera Andrade reveals in his poetry an intense identification with his native Indian forebears. His first selected edition of verse was Registro del mundo (1940), which was followed by Lugar de origen (1945) and Edades poeticas (1958). In all his work, he employs somewhat impressionistic techniques to evoke very clear images of his native land. Along with other writers of his generation, he pioneered the adaptation of haiku to the Spanish language. An English translation of his Selected Poems (tr H.R. Hays) appeared in 1972; his complete poems in Spanish are published in Obra poetica completa.”

Excerpted from: Murphy, Bruce, ed. Benet’s Reader’s Encyclopedia, Fourth Edition. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.

Cultural Literacy: Emiliano Zapata

Here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on Emiliano Zapata. This is a full-page worksheet with a three-sentence reading and four comprehension questions. This worksheet, I think, could be reduced to a half-page, and I’m not clear why I developed it as I did. Zapata is obviously a significant historical figure, and I imagine I expected to develop this a little further–though with a three-sentence text (the final sentence of which might be better broken in two for emergent readers and English language learners) I’m not sure how much more can be done with this.

But what do you think?

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

William Walker

[It may seem unusual to find an Anglo name like William Walker as the header of a post observing Hispanic Heritage Month 2023. If you read on, however, you will see that Walker, a mercenary from the United States, played a substantial role in extending United States influence in Latin America, particularly Nicaragua. I became interested in Walker after seeing Alex Cox’s strange–surreal might be the right word here–film Walker, for which the late great Joe Strummer supplied the music.]

“William Walker: (1824-1960) U.S. military adventurer. Born in Nashville, Tennessee, he moved to California in 1850. His interest in colonizing Baja California developed into a filibustering (insurrection) scheme. He landed at La Paz (1853) and proclaimed Lower California and Sonora an independent republic, but Mexican resistance forced him back to the U.S. In 1855 he sailed to Nicaragua, where he effectively established himself as leader. There, officers of Cornelius Vanderbilt’s Accessory Transit Co. promised him financial assistance in a plot to take the company away from Vanderbilt. Walker seized the company and turned it over to them, then made himself president of Nicaragua (1856). In 1857 Vanderbilt induced five Central American republics to drive walker out. In 1860 he attempted a filibuster in Honduras, where he was captured and executed.”

Excerpted from: Stevens, Mark A., Ed. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2000.

The Weekly Text, 29 September 2023: Styling Sentences Lesson 10, Prepositional Phrase before Subject/Verb

Here, as your Weekly Text, is the tenth lesson plan in the Styling Sentences Unit, this one on composing a sentence with a prepositional phrase before the subject and verb.

This lesson opens with this Cultural Literacy worksheet on the subject of a sentence. Subject is one of those tricky, polysemous words in English. As you know, the subject of a sentence is the noun or noun phrase that is doing something–which the verb describes–in a sentence. Students, in my experience, struggle with getting beyond the the meaning of the noun subject as a specific category of learning at school, e.g. maths, science, social studies, English language arts. All of this, I suppose, is an indirect plea for educating students in the many, and vital for understanding all sorts of things, uses of the word subject–it works as a noun, adjective, and verb in English. Finally, here is the worksheet with explanatory and mentor texts that constitutes the principal work of this lesson. Please note, once more, that this document contains no supported material such as sentence stems and cloze exercises, although I have some ideas about developing some. For this worksheet, students will work from mentor texts to develop sentences of their own in the form under review.

If you find typos in these documents, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.

Francesco Arrivi

“Francesco Arrivi: (1915-2007) Puerto Rico’s most important dramatist. Arrivi’s early plays, such as El diablo se humaniza (1940), Club de solteros (1940) and Alumbramiento (1945), were realistic social documentaries. His later work grew increasingly poetic, with more carefully drawn characters, as in his trilogy about Puerto Rico’s history and people, Mascara puertorrignena ((1971).”

Excerpted from: Murphy, Bruce, ed. Benet’s Reader’s Encyclopedia, Fourth Edition. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.

Cultural Literacy: Pablo Neruda

OK, time to wrap up this morning’s work and head off to school. Here is a Cultural Literacy worksheet on Pablo Neruda. This worksheet is a half-page in length with a reading of three relatively simple declarative sentences and three comprehension questions.

If you find typos in this document, I would appreciate a notification. And, as always, if you find this material useful in your practice, I would be grateful to hear what you think of it. I seek your peer review.