Jeanne Chall on Key Differences Between Teacher-Centered and Student-Centered Instruction 10: Grading/Report Cards

Teacher-Centered: Letter and/or percentage grades are given for most subjects. Sometimes scores from standardized achievement tests are also included on the report cards received by parents.

Student-Centered: Oral reports directed to the parent are considered the ideal form of reporting pupil progress. A written report in narrative form may also be used.

Excerpted from: Chall, Jeanne S. The Academic Achievement Challenge: What Really Works in the Classroom? New York: The Guilford Press, 2002.